tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-23851532349940408422024-02-20T15:44:47.317-08:00UPSC AspirantAshutosh Singhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16242387390649232523noreply@blogger.comBlogger45125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2385153234994040842.post-38175002236182962662013-06-19T01:46:00.000-07:002013-06-19T01:46:03.083-07:00IAS Officer’s Salary and Other Facilities<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The Salary of an IAS officer is how much is such a question
which is being asked daily by thousands of job seekers. In India it is said
that the salary in government services is too low. Many bright students do not
want to join the government services for low salary. But IAS is not everything
about salary, it is not a simple job for making money, it is also about serving
the nations and its billions of people. After the 6th pay commission the salary
of an IAS officer in India is not that bad too. I am going to discuss about the
salary and facilities of Indian Administrative service officer.</span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><u>Pay Scales</u></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In government services in India Pay Scales is not the
total salary. It only indicates the minimum and maximum basic pay of an
employee. The IAS are promoted to total four pay scales according to service
seniority. These five scales are named as <b>Junior Scale, Senior Time
Scale, Junior Administrative Grade </b>, <b>Selection Grade </b>and<b> Super
Time Scale.</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><u>Junior Scale:</u></span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In Junior Scale the new recruit joins at the payband 3,
that is, Rs: 15,600 – 39,100.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In addition he gets a Grade Pay of Rs 5400. This is the
time of training and learning. The new recruit is placed into a two years
probation period. After that he is posted as a SDM ( Sub Divisional Magistrate
), also known as SDO or Sub-Collector.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><u>Senior Time Scale:</u><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">After , at least 5 years of service the IAS is promoted to
Senior Time Scale at the payband of 15,600-39,100 and a grade pay of Rs. 6600.
At that period he may be posted as a District Magistrate (DM) or Collector or a
Joint Secretary of a Government ministry.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><u>Junior Administrative Grade:</u></span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Payband : 15,600-39,100<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Grade Pay: 7,600<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">The IAS may hope to be promoted to this scale after 9 years
of service. He will get the posts of special secretary and various Head of the
Government Departments.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><u>Selection Grade:</u></span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Payband: 37,400-67,000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Gradepay: Rs 8,700<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">This grade needs a minimum of 12-15 years in the service.
The officer will now get the post of a Secretary to a ministry.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><u>Super Time Scale</u></span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Payband: 37,400-67,000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Gradepay: Rs 8,700<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">After completing a minimum 17 to 20 years of service the
officer gets the Super Time Scale salary. He becomes Principal Secretary of a
very important department of the government.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><u>Above Super timescale:</u><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">A limited number of bright individuals are selected for
above Super Time Scales (Payband: 37,400-67,000 and Grade Pay: 12,000).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">The highest basic salary is Rs. 80,000 (fixed) for an IAS.
Only the central Cabinet Secretary is given the Basic salary of Rs. 90,000
(fixed).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><u>What is the Total
Starting Salary of an IAS ?</u><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Now, I know you shall want to know
how much total money they get after joining the service. It is difficult to
understand all this jargons: Pay Band, Grade Pay etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Now, this total pay is changeable
with time. At this moment the total payment of an IAS recruit can be roughly
estimated as below:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Basic Pay: Rs 23,640<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">D.A. (@65%): Rs 15,366<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">H.R.A.(@30%): Rs 7,092<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">T.A.: 5,280<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Total: Rs 51,378<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">His basic will increase at the rate
of 3% per annum. You may expect a D.A. increment of average 10% to 14%. The IAS
may hope to get double salary after each 7 to 9 years.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><u>The Maximum Salary
of an IAS officer:</u><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The highest salary is drawn by the
Cabinet Secretary among the IAS. He gets Rs.90,000 fixed as basic pay. Fixed
means he shall not get any increments.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">His estimated Salary is as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Basic Pay: Rs 90,000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">D.A : Rs 58,500<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">HRA: Rs 27,000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">T.A.: Rs 5,280<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Total: Rs 1,80,780<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This salary may increase with the
increment of DA.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /><u>
The other Facilities and Perks of an IAS:</u><br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">If you compare this job with a top
private sector one, you may find out some very good facilities and perks.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">i) An IAS is often given a superb
accommodation, usually a big Bungalow with its own Security guards, Gardeners,
Servants and Cooks. All of these are given to him for a very low rent.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ii) He gets government cars, usually
with Red lights.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">iii) He also gets the facilities of
free electricity and telephone bills.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">iv) During official travels for duty
they get the accommodation in very good Government Bungalows and Rest houses.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">v) Power and prestige is the greatest
perks for an IAS.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">vi) The security of the job is much
more than that of a lucrative private sector job. In fact, it is very, very
tough even for a chief minister to terminate an IAS officer’s job. They have
their legal safe guards against that.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">vii) They can apply for a study leave
for 2 to 4 years in a reputed foreign university, the cost of which will be
paid by the government.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">viii) They shall get life time
pensions and other retirement benefits.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">There are many more about these
facilities and perks. It is impossible for a big private sector employee to get
such.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Moreover, an IAS is behind the
formation and implementation of the policies of the Central and the various
State Governments. You can work for the good of the people and this is the
greatest perk among all.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Ashutosh Singhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16242387390649232523noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2385153234994040842.post-49787144371208782822013-05-21T10:08:00.000-07:002013-05-21T10:08:30.799-07:00AN EAGLE EYE VIEW OF THE UPSC SYLLABUS <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"></strong><br />
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">
<strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-small; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">In a significant move DoPT has approved the changes in civil services exam pattern w.e.f. ensuing Civil Services Exams, 2013. Now, the new format will give more weightage to General Studies. Implementation of these changes will affect the fate of over four lakh civil services aspirants looking to take the exam this year.<br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" />The new pattern aims to overhaul the existing pattern by reducing the importance of optional subjects and increased focus on general studies. This will reduce any advantage a candidate could have over others merely by selecting highly scoring subjects as optional papers. General studies have about 50% weightage while optional subject about 25%. As a matter of fact, the changes are on both lines - expected and unexpected. <br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" />In order to really comprehend these changes, one must put all the dimensions of this examination in a proper perspective and then try to understand the importance of these changes. General Studies has been uplifted to a 'King-makers' status by allotting a huge 1000 marks to it. But GS is more than just being a part of the Main Examination. It also has an indirect role to play in the Essay Paper (250 marks) and the Interview (275 marks). <br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" />No candidate can ever think of making it to the apex without a substantial command over GS. This will certainly undo the earlier outline in which a candidate's success was optional-driven. Now, optional will just engage in a supporting role in the success trajectory of a candidate. This is certainly a better way of testing a candidate's suitability for the Civil Services. The optional-led examination had resulted in promotion of rote learning, short-term coaching-based preparations which had little relevance to a career in the Civil Services, at least now.<br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" />Though the change has been announced now, its rainbow colour started appearing in 2009 mains only...<br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><strong style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">A glimpse of 2012 IAS Mains Exam Questions and topics it touched:<br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" />See the questions asked:</strong><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" />• China as trading partner + Border Issues<br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" />• Impact of Globalization on R&D in India + Example (IT/Health)<br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" />• Issues in Nepal<br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" />• Plant Genomics in Hunger Alleviation<br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" />• Indus Water Treaty - Latest Analysis<br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" />• Indian Diaspora - New Diaspora vs. Old Diaspora<br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" />• Reasons for poverty in African and South Asian Countries<br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" />• Impact of Putin's return (Russia vs. West)<br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" />• Convention on Biological Diversity + FAO Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources For Food and Agriculture<br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" />• Millennium Development Goals + concerns<br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" />• Negative impact of US protectionist measures on India's Software Industry<br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" />• Assisted Reproductive Technologies - commercial surrogacy<br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" />• Failure of International Trade as Engine of Growth<br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" />• US - Iran problems vs. India -Iran Relations<br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" />• India and South China Sea<br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" />• Environment Sustainability & Sustainable Development of People<br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" />• Clean Development Mechanism, etc.<br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><strong style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">The 2009 Mains Story.......</strong><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" />2009 was a very different year for IAS aspirants in terms of IAS mains exams. Unexpected change in the question pattern was observed in both Paper-I and II of General Studies. Not only the questions on the sectional areas had been changed but also there was a new range of word limits. The nature of the question paper had become more current oriented. There was a subtle message UPSC tried to give to the aspirants - mere spoon-feeding will not work. The aspirants need to be thoroughly prepared with all dimensions. Past years trend analysis and selective studies will bear no fruits. Gone are the days when one needed to do smart work! You need to rework your strategy.<br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" />We are presenting an analysis of 2009 GS questions with breakup to familiarize you with the current trend. Let's consider the individual breakups in GS Paper-I and II.<br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><strong style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">1.</strong> Conventional history questions were not asked. Instead three statements were given which wanted you to comment upon them. Besides, the conventional five Freedom movement related 2 markers were not there. <br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><strong style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">2.</strong> There wasn't much from polity except the question on 'voting behaviour of Indians' [conventional terminology wasn't asked].<br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><strong style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">3.</strong> The routine computer terminology of 10 marks was missing. <br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><strong style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">4.</strong> People thought UPSC would ask on 'Chandrayaan' but instead 'Hubble Space Telescope' was put through. <br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><strong style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">5.</strong> In Paper -II there were many questions on biotech/bioinformatics/ DNA finger printing/biometric, ATM, etc. and just one conventional question on nanotech. <br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><strong style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">6.</strong> In statistics, two graph related questions were asked and the rest stuff was quite easy as well. <br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><strong style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">7.</strong> There was emphasis on international relations both in GS paper-II and Essay paper. There were three essay topics that had direct relevance to India's international relations. <br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><strong style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">8.</strong> In geography there were conventional questions: wetlands & ecosystem, biodiversity, etc. People thought UPSC would ask in detail about monsoon mechanism/drought/famine (as the coaching classes had been saying) but they did not ask anything on these. Rather, there was one question on Meteorological department's work. <br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><strong style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">9.</strong> In previous years UPSC would ask 2 markers/5 markers 'terminologies' from Economy but they did not do it this time. Instead they asked straight 30 marks questions - "Do you think we should stop liberalization after meltdown?"<br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" />The reason people said the examination pattern is changing because it didn't have the conventional 260 Marks worth Polity +History+ Economy combo and nothing was asked from what coaching institutes considered as important. In lieu, they asked Questions on sports, Television, folk dance, current affairs, etc. The 2 markers were also unique compared to previous trend. <br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" />Change in continuity ....Reading CSAT <br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" />UPSC had announced the new scheme of examination for IAS Prelims in 2011. The idea was to introduce an aptitude test in place of the existing optional subject paper in the civil services preliminary exam. There was a hue and cry over the proposal for Civil Services Aptitude Test (CSAT), its implementation and its syllabus for long. However, interpretation of the CSAT syllabus has, no doubt, created a new "beginning". </span></span></strong></div>
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<strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-small; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">The previous pattern of the civil services preliminary exams was conceived in 1979 on the recommendations of the Kothari Commission. Since then, for 31 years, the preliminary pattern sustained with only some minor changes once in ten or fifteen years. But from 2011 onwards, civil services aspirants witnessed a sea change. Last two years' configuration of questions is a witness in itself.<br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" />The bid to change the system had been pending for quite some time as most of the government panels had advocated greater emphasis on "aptitude" of candidates rather than on their knowledge of subjects. The argument was that the specialists of any particular subject may not necessarily be good civil servants unless they have actual inclination towards it. Also, the new syllabus will provide a level-playing field.</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" />Before you gear up for the IAS 2014, you also need to understand the basic philosophy of this change. Most of the Committees/Commissions constituted by the Government of India (GoI) have advocated laying greater emphasis on the aptitude of the candidates for Civil Services rather than on their knowledge of a particular subject. </span></span><span style="font-size: x-small; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" />Even the Alagh Committee Report submitted in 2001, advocated for a greater change. The relevant portion of the Report goes like this- "The present testing of optional subjects is based on College/University curriculum. Re-examining the candidates in their own subjects appears to have doubtful utility. The universities have already done the work and retesting, possibly at a lower level than what candidates have completed earlier, appears to be unnecessary. What is important is the relevance of a subject to the job requirements of a Civil Servant, especially in the changing scenario." <br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" />General Studies is the cornerstone of Civil Services examination. Inclusion of this paper both in the prelims and in the mains shows the amount of gravity that the examiners attribute to this faculty. So it becomes all the more important to understand the essence that you being a probable administrator must have to approach this domain so that you become more comfortable with this subject-of-subjects. <br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" />In the changed scenario after the recent formal announcement from UPSC that it is moving into the direction of testing analytical skills rather than synthetic knowledge that a student gathers through different sources, the whole preparation module must change. Having analytical acumen shows that a person is able to grasp the impacts and the practical aspects of any event rather than simply the "whats" of it. UPSC is now moving to the higher realm of knowledge testing rather than mere "information test". <br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><strong style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">What is the answer to the new scheme? </strong><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" />IAS exam, once termed as the 'mother of all exams' because of its vastness, is now 'Maa-Paa' of all the competitive exams, as the latest entry of 'Paa' in the form of GS mains has starched the length-breadth manifold. Why? Just read.......<br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><strong style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">1.</strong> Because of the vastness of the syllabus associated with it, wherein you are expected to know almost everything under the sun and their applications.<br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><strong style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">2.</strong> Because of the unpredictability of the exam wherein you cannot afford to make selective study purely based on previous years question papers and guidelines provided by the new 'mullah'.<br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><strong style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">3.</strong> The immense competition which you are confronted with, wherein you face the best minds in the country which come from their respective streams and sweat it out to become a part of the steel frame of the government. So there is hardly any room for carelessness, complacency and even overconfidence. You have to earn every mark hard to remain a cut above the rest.<br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" />Given such a scenario, preparing for civil services was always going to be a daunting task but now that you have made up your mind, we will endeavour to make this daunting task a little easier for you by using our vast experience in mentoring toppers in this exam.</span></span></strong></div>
<strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><br /><u>NEW PATTERN ANALYSIS:</u><br /><br />Stagnant Vs Dynamic</strong><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Earlier the syllabus was stagnant. The present syllabus is dynamic meaning it calls for inter-disciplinary and cross-domain preparation where the bottomline can only be dynamic flux.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">Ethics & Ethical Concern Gains Ground</strong><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">In the previous GS syllabus ethical word was used only once in Paper I-“Health issues including the management of Public Health, Health education and ethical concerns regarding health-care, medical research and pharmaceuticals”. Now the word has become the most used terminology. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">This has certain implicit as well as explicit connotation. Explicitly it calls for a certain way of understanding the whole mechanism of State and Citizenry whereas implicitly it indicates a certain aptitude and attitude while dealing with any concept even if it has no direct relation with the ethical dimension. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">"Salient" Becomes the salient feature of the Syllabus</strong><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">In the present syllabus "Salient" is also used many times. In fact it is used three times in Paper II and one time in Paper III. In Paper II it is used in the following points:</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Salient features of world’s physical geography</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Whereas; in Paper III it is used in</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;"> This in itself calls for a holistic and comprehensive methodology covering</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• the historical aspects</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• the evolutionary aspects</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• the concurrent aspects and not to miss;</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• the futuristic angle of the same leading to the ways of improving it further as per the demands of the times to come when new social, political and governance structures will come up. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">Newer Horizons as per Newer Demands & Concerns</strong><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">The syllabus also has some newer dimensions as per the concurrent situational churning and evolution in the society and State at large. Here we mention those portions specifically which can truly be called as new additions to the syllabus. Having said this, we would like to underline the fact that many a times the present syllabic content is more elucidated and elaborated form of previous syllabus. It includes specific dimensions that makes the correspondingly similar previous syllabus more dynamic and concurrent. So even if in various domain the question pattern may not see an overnight and paradigm change but the treatment that is expected from You as per the question should certainly change in the current context. Exemplifying this fact truly can be the history portion. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">A domain so static has also been endeavoured by the UPSC to make it contextually concurrent by including the </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Salient aspects of art, literature and architecture from ancient to modern times</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Modern Indian History from middle of the eighteenth century until the present times</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Significant events, Personalities and Issues has also been included</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Even Post-Independence consolidation and reorganization has been included</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Not only this- World History with all the stages of development and political ideologies has also been included. To make the things limitless (in a way) the whole thing has been qualified with the word salient. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">Words like</strong><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;"> </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Sustainable</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Equity</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Pragmatic</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Participative</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Democratization</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Ethical Governance Model</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Empathy </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Self-lessness requires to be used more often wherever applicable. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">In paper II that is GS Paper I</strong><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars, redrawing of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the society.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Role of women and women’s organization, population and associated issues, poverty and developmental issues, urbanization, their problems and their remedies</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Effects of globalization on Indian society</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Salient features of world’s physical geography.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian subcontinent); factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world (including India)</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location- changes in critical geographical features (including waterbodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">Some Key Points to Look for:</strong><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">If we can discuss briefly some of the points that come to mind instantly after looking at these then we can come up with the following points:</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">This Paper has witnessed the most elaborative widening of its content. When Salient features of Indian Society and Salient feature of the World’s Physical Geography is used it means that in a way You can expect any question from Sociology and Geography. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Some of the Gender specific issues under the present context have also gained ground. It is expected thus from a future bureaucrat to have gender sensitive attitude. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Resource nationalism and economic nationalism having thrown to the centre-stage of geopolitics has forced the UPSC to bring in topics like the one concerning the resource distribution. Issue like the Energy Securitization and also the one concerning the rare earth metals that have recently gained traction instantly comes to mind. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">In PAPER-III that is General Studies- II</strong><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Separation of powers between various organs dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Parliament and State Legislatures - structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary, Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Development processes and the development industry- the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, e-governance- applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparency & accountability and institutional and other measures</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Role of civil services in a democracy.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">Some Key Points to Ponder:</strong><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">In this section which has governance as the core issue whether that be at the Social, Political, or International level will have more questions from the area of:</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Moral Relativism</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Challenges </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Dispute Redressal </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Local Levels Governance Model</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Newer Institutions like the “pressure group” (in foreign developed democracies like the USA these have their own de-facto standing and are called “lobby group”) and NGOs</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Representation of People’s Act and all such acts which are increasingly being “churned” and are undergoing through a lot of evolution as per the demands of the current times</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">So, in a nutshell if any section that demands a very nuanced, subtle and cautious way of writing answers with the correct and properly-qualified syntax then it has to be this section. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">In PAPER-IV that is General Studies-III</strong><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Major crops, cropping patterns in various parts of the country, different types of irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Food processing and related industries in India- scope and significance, location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Land reforms in India</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Investment models</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology and issues relating to intellectual property rights </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Disaster and disaster management</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Linkages between development and spread of extremism</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and social networking sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security; money-laundering and its prevention</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Security challenges and their management in border areas; linkages of organized crime with terrorism</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">Some of the Key Points to Remember:</strong><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">This Paper can truly be called the applied part of all that gets to Your mind. If You leave the conventional economic portion then all the other part is the practical application of everything that has to do with the development and advancement of the human society in general and India in particular. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">A lot of stress has been thrown to make the student more aware about the innovative and technical intervention in the domain of agriculture and allied activities. UPSC is also interested in making the to-be DM agri-bureaucrat when he is working in the hinterland having four out of five people in his district dependent on agriculture and food processing.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">If earlier basic idea about the newer domains of science and technology was required; now the UPSC needs You to be “Aware” about all the new that is happening in this domain. Being aware certainly means more than having a basic idea about a concept. Not only that, now You are also required to know about the indigenization of technology. This certainly has geopolitical dimensions related to cyber security in the area of telecom and IT. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Investment Models can include the conceptual like the Mahalanobois or Rao-Manmohan model or may be the applied part that is related to the funding and implementation models of the infrastructural investment. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Ecology and environment has two points but even those points underline the implication part and not the factual.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">The need to:</strong><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;"> </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Conserve Sustain and Disaster Management crops up prominently. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Linkages of development with the spread of extremism throw the critical angle to the “exclusivist” approach to development Internal Security, linkages between internal Maoist-Naxal threat with the external forces and various security agencies will certainly invite UPSC to frame questions that will be directly in consonance to all the concurrent inter and intra institutional differences of approach within these domains.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">*Paper V</strong><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;"> being a new addition will be discussed separately. To just give You an idea of our discussion- a leitmotif if You can call that- we will delve into the aspect that the whole paper (seeing the current dialectical debate) is in a way an extension of a single point that was mentioned in the previous paper. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">In the previous syllabus the sixth point of the fourth chapter in Paper I had the point:</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Issues relating to good governance and accountability to the citizens including the maintenance of human rights, and of probity in public life.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Now, this has been elaborated and extended to be made into a complete chapter rather Paper carrying 250 marks. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">*Further in detail we will be discussing this paper with a case study at opportune place in the write-up. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">PT</strong><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><em style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">Remains Unchanged but with Forest Services Joining PT Treadmill; It Needs to be Deciphered Differently</em><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">UPSC uses the jargon of being a “well read person” to widen its circumference as far as the syllabus of this exam-which selects the top echelons of Indian Bureaucracy- is concerned. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Even as we are in the throes of the transformational and paradigm change in the mains exam post the CSAT regimen in PT; the GS syllabus needs to be deciphered and interpreted more clearly. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Here we present the syllabus of GS reduced to its lowest denominations for PT. After CSAT the same wordings of the syllabus got impregnanted with different meaning as far as its ‘indicative’ value is concerned. So, it becomes all the more important that you not only know the syllabus but understand it as well. For that you need to comprehend the same in the more holistic manner. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">In fact if you have set goals than you can think of getting there! The syllabus below can be considered as your set goals.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">The emphasis is to read less number of journals and sources and gain most; so the suggestions takes the format of engaging You with least number of materials but the quality rather than the quantity is intrusive….<br /><br /></span><strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">Current Portions Will Remain Important In Revised UPSC Pattern</strong><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Topics of current relevance have a special significance for many examinations across the world and exams that deal with the recruitment for administrative posts give highest priority to this area. One needs to understand the placental links between administration and current perspective to internalize the importance of ecology for success of any administrative structure.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Administration is a vaguely defined term that (in layman terms) includes govt. action in totality. Govt. itself is undergoing so many changes off late that the versatility in arenas in which govt. operates through direct and indirect means require the most versatile talent to effectively and decisively operate the administrative machinery.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Aim of this article will be to analyze the significance of current portions and concurrent aspects. In this aspect answers will be searched for questions like- Are the traditional areas of GS that include polity, history, economy losing ground to more dynamic areas like science and technology, current happenings around us?</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Questions asked in both preliminary and mains have changed beyond recognition and questions are asked very rarely from the areas that can be considered Static as far as content updation is required. In such a scenario can it be said that magazines/newspapers and other sources like Net, TV or radio alone can sail one through the GS paper and one need not to sit for hours to command mastery over the traditional areas.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Such fallacious interpretations miss a vital fact that there is always an element of continuity between the past, present and future in every domain and a holistic treatment of any issue will require the same.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">The fine point that syllabus by itself raises (and which is also one of aim of this article also) is that both traditional areas and emerging areas are equally important.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">For example in paper 2 GS –topic 1 mentions that Indian constitution will cover the following sections</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• historical underpinnings TA</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• evolution CR</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• features TA</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• amendments CR</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• significant provisions TA </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• basic structure CR</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" />*TA – Traditional Areas<br style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" />*CR- Current Relevance</strong><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Syllabus itself answers the question raised above that both TA and CR will remain entangled for a successful preparation. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">Limiting Breadth and Depth of Your Efforts</strong><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">Another important dimension to issues of current relevance is-</strong><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Understanding the importance of current relevance will also help in prioritizing the syllabic content and directing your energy towards most rewarding topics. (Remember the universal advice by almost all successful candidates that “It is not important how much you are studying rather what you are studying is more important.” ) </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">For example the topics mentioned like Salient features of world’s Physical Geography, Contribution of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world are limitless topics as far as breadth of topics is concerned. Similarly, many topics like Philosophical basis of governance and probity, role of civil services in democracy, human values –lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators, concept of ethics, attitude and aptitude etc. are limitless as far as the depth of topics is concerned.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">In such a scenario, one who is aware of happenings in surroundings can smartly chose the areas that need to be focused. For example because there was a recent issue in South China Sea over the sovereignty, one should not forget to see the important geographic features of area concerned. But overstretching the above criterion will again lead to problem of plenty, because invariably every region of world must be witnessing some important event at one time or another. In such a scenario, issues that have direct repercussions on interest of India must be focused, rather than important issues of general nature. For example in row over South China sea, vital interest of India were at stake because it is a major trade route and OVL had interest in oil exploration in same area.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">Change Is Not The LAST WORD</strong><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">One important caution point we would like to raise at this juncture is –</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Has the syllabus delineated the boundaries of syllabus and students can have some relief from the uncertainty of range of questions?</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Well, one might be tempted to answer in affirmative but, this is half truth. Uncertainty of questions in last couple of years has resulted mainly because of shift in focus to questions of current relevance rather than questions from traditional areas.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">This focus will be further accentuated in coming years because uncertainty in administration itself has increased and today only dynamic, enthusiastic and positive minded administrator can meet the challenges successfully. If one understand and appreciate the uncertainty of job then he/she will find the range of questions very much justified and logical.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Syllabus has delineated the boundaries in certain areas and mentioned areas should act only as light house to guide your preparation. Mentioned syllabus is not the last word because in many areas very wide ranging terminology has been utilized and deadly word ‘etc.’ has been used quite frequently.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">Change Will Work As A Guidance</strong><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Another major change in new prescribed syllabus is delineation of areas that have relevance for guiding the preparation. For example, earlier syllabus of mains mentioned under heading Constitution of India and Indian Polity:</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">"This part will include questions on the Constitution of India as well as all constitutional, legal, administrative and other issues emerging from the politico-administrative system prevalent in the country."</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Whereas, the new syllabus will help the students in understanding demands of examination. For example in case of GS paper 2 it is mentioned that syllabus will include issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein. Such clarity is also present in other portions of polity syllabus.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Issues of federalism and devolution of powers to lowest level of governance is a continuing theme and its importance has been shown by mentioning this part of syllabus under a separate heading. Salient features of RPA Act have been included in syllabus in light of recent outbursts of demands for corruption free environment and elections malpractices are considered the mother of corruption. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Separation of power has been put under severe stress in recent years where instances of Judicial Activism and overreaching judiciary has forced even the CJI to advise against the same. How Jat and Gujjar agitation held the state govts ransom and splurge of violent protest across length and breadth of country demands that the study of dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions must be an integral part of an administrative exam.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Emergence of Governance paradigm to replace the Government model in Public Administration makes it mandatory to study the role and importance of NGOs, SHGs and other stakeholders in development processes and development industry for any aspiring administrator.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Topic 'e-governance models, successes' has a large overlap with current affairs. At same time, link of this change/advancement with aspects of governance, transparency and accountability can be studied within the mould of traditional models.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Topics under foreign relations which cover issues like status of present relations, effect of different groupings, agreements, policies, politics and mandate & structure of important international institutions are almost synonymous with areas of current affairs. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Inclusive growth has been the explicit theme of both 11th and 12th five-year plans and is projected as one of the cross cutting agenda in all govt. interventions. If one notices carefully than it can be found that other topics included in the GS paper 3 have a strong link with the agenda of inclusivity.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">For example interventions in agriculture transport and marketing, e- technology for farmers, animal rearing, food processing, land reforms etc. are aimed at correcting the imbalance in Indian growth story, which has bypassed the majority of Indians more so in aftermath of NEP of early 1990's.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">S & T developments, achievements of Indians in the field, indigenization and developing of technology, awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology and issues relating to intellectual property rights are areas from where questions will be asked about recent developments.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Syllabic content related to Internal security includes the latest developments in the field like role of media and social networking sites in internal security challenges (example of misuse of these sites for spreading rumors and posing new challenges in instance of panic outmigration of people of North East from Banglore and other South Indian Cities and how law enforcement agencies found it difficult to deal with such a fluid problem) and basics of cyber security (e.g. spate of cyber attacks and increased vulnerability in present context, where digitization has become a norm in many strategically important areas). </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">At the same time Topic Internal security also includes traditional areas like </strong><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• role of external state and non-state actors</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Linkages between development and spread of extremism. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Security challenges and their management in border areas </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• linkages of organized crime with terrorism </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">• Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">GS paper 4 </strong><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">– Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude is more of a new addition to the GS syllabus. Compared to other 3 papers, portion of current relevance are least visible to an untrained eye in this paper. But after a careful analysis, one can find a strong undercurrent of current relevance.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">For example syllabus mentions that 'This paper will include questions to test the candidates' attitude and approach to issues relating to integrity, probity in public life and his problem solving approach to various issues and conflicts faced by him in dealing with society. Questions may utilise the case study approach to determine these aspects." </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Case study approaches in such questions will be having a strong link with the recent developments. For example in light of recent outbursts of public functionaries in front of media, a case study might be given where your probable response can be asked as a senior, colleague or junior to deal with such cases.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Topics like empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker-sections will determine the role of civil service in ensuring inclusive growth, which is the current keyword of govt. policies.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Govt's efforts towards strengthening the information sharing and transparency enhancement by passing revolutionary legislations like RTI are more or less topics of current relevance.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Besides, subjective ideas like ethics, morality, human values are not static concepts. These are very dynamic concepts because these concerns are part of human society and human society is a living organism, not a dead wood.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">A student will have to not only study the basics of the topics mentioned in paper 4 but he will have to keep himself aware of happenings around him to be in sync with the ethos of current time. Such synchronization cannot be possible without study of current events. With this we would end the article by summarizing the broad areas covered. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">In totality, we can draw following conclusions from the above discussion:</strong><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">1. Understanding the importance of current events will help in prioritizing the efforts by cutting unnecessary flab and focusing on important areas. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">2. In absence of concentrated efforts a candidate will end up penalizing himself/herself.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">3. One will need to restrict both horizontal and vertical spread of syllabus and by internalizing the relevance of concurrent themes for administration one can smartly do the same. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">4. Relevance of current events has increased but without commanding the traditional areas discussion of any issue will remain shallow.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Hence there is no point in endlessly discussing the relative importance of current vs traditional area, rather one has to strike a fine balance between the two areas. Traditional areas will give you a sound foundation but outer structure of your successful journey will be made of current material. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">So we would suggest students not to swim against the current, rather with the current to enhance their success rates.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">And the end is not this. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">In all these concepts you must have a critical and analytical bent of mind so that you are well equipped to answer questions of "higher" level.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">As Philosopher Karl Popper in his "critical rationalism" has said that "Test for truthfulness about any theory rests on its chances of being proved false"; so based on this the examiner expects that a ‘to-be-bureaucrat’ must have that critical elements within his intelligence so that She/He can come up with better ways of policy interventions and thus establish the fundamentals of Governance (read Good Governance). </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Questioning the status-quo and attitude of inertia within the wider domain of the concept of State and Governance must be inculcated within each aspirant. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">After, we have analyzed the symptomatic problems, it becomes your writer’s moral obligation to come up with solutions or say ways and means to come up with ‘as-expected’ answer for questions of GS Paper. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Emphasizing the aforesaid, the writer would again encore that development of a critical attitude that is fearless of asking questions that question the resistivity of inertia within any and every aspects of society and wider system of Governance is a-must. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">For this, reading newspaper (a standard and "real" newspaper (not the tabloid types)) is a must. Apart from this spending "constructive" time with net also comes in handy. Going beyond the newspaper and reading the actual source of how the news reports are made also proves useful. So sometimes you can also read the actual monetary and fiscal policy as released by the RBI and Finance Minister respectively so that you can construe your own original views. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Remember, reading first-hand information from the original source can only make you develop original views regarding things.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">And, where there is originality in thought there is no limitation. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">With freedom, you tend to question things. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Finally with questioning you develop that "critical" aspects and attitude so much required for this examination particularly for the present trend of GS Paper and more so after the change when GS has 50% weightage on the entire score.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">In a nutshell, your writer would only like to say that bringing “general score” (read below 45% as has been the current established pattern) in GS really put a question mark on the whole preparation. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">Apart from severely proving to be the deciding factorial even when the single optional paper will have a certain similarity of marks for all sincere students; it also somewhere resides in your system as a lingering pain that “I got less marks in General Studies Paper in an exam which is all about developing a Generalist approach”! </span></div>
Ashutosh Singhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16242387390649232523noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2385153234994040842.post-83033663648827885942013-05-13T11:21:00.002-07:002013-05-13T11:21:35.927-07:007 steps to success in UPSC Civil Services IAS CSAT 2013<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 115%;">How many of us want that magic wand to work and
get us the desired result even before facing the exam or some short cut that
will help us score higher. Unfortunately, nothing of this sort will happen but
we can be a bit more careful and follow some strategies to maximize our scores
to the best of our abilities. Well this is a list that every parent has been
repeating to their kid since their class 5 exams, but, we want to reiterate the
same so that you don't miss out on anything for your big day.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><br />
<br />
<span style="background: white;">Here goes the list of seven steps to success:</span><br />
<br />
<b><u><span style="background: white;">1.
Time is precious</span></u></b><br />
<span style="background: white;"><br />The exam requires you to answer 100 questions in
Paper-I and 80 in Paper-II, in 2 hours each. Where questions in Paper-II might
take time solving, Paper-I questions will require re-reading as options are
very close to each other. So, make a time budget mentally as to how much time
you want to give for each question and which section you want to approach first
in Paper-II, Maths, English etc.</span></span><i><span style="background-color: #ffffcc; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 115%;">Do not waste your time in
reading the question paper initially as there is no choice and you would just
be wasting time. As soon as you are done with formalities of forms, start
answering questions.</span></i></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><u><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2. Answer the
easy questions first<br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="background-color: #ffffcc; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">From last year, UPSC has
asked candidates to fill OMR sheets in black pen. So, make sure you answer only
those questions in first round which you are hundred percent sure about and
work straight till the end of paper and you can return to difficult ones later.</span></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><u><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3. Be cautious
of negative marking</span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="background-color: #ffffcc; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Try not to answer any
questions that you have no idea about. Attempt only those where you are
confused between two options.</span></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><u><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">4. Read the
instructions carefully</span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="background-color: #ffffcc; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In last 2 years, few
candidates missed out on decision making questions as they didn't read the
instructions carefully and were not aware that these questions didn't have any
negative marking. So, utilize the time given before start of exam to read the
instructions. Also, look out for directions right before questions if there can
be more than one answer etc.</span></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><u><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">5. Double
check questions with qualifiers</span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="background-color: #ffffcc; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Reread the questions
that have qualifying words like "all-some-none-most", "must-
seldom- never", "largest-smallest-best-worst" etc. This will
help you more in Paper-II in data sufficiency kind of questions.</span></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><u><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">6. Use of
Black Ball point pen only in OMR</span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="background-color: #ffffcc; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">From last year, UPSC
requires you to fill in answer sheet using black pen, so the question of
changing answers doesn't exist. So mark your answers carefully and make sure
you don't stain the OMR and fill the ovals as prescribed.</span></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><u><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">7. Carry your
stuff<span class="apple-converted-space"><br /></span></span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="background-color: #ffffcc; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Last but not the least,
remember if you are going for a war, you would need your arms and ammunition.
Make sure you have your pens, clipboard (try to carry one as if you get a bad
desk you might tear your OMR sheet), watch and most importantly your admit card
with you. Also, if some of you need to carry some medicines please do so.</span></span><o:p></o:p></i></div>
<b><u><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b><br />
<i><o:p></o:p></i><br />
<b><u><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></b><br />
<i><o:p></o:p></i><br />
<b><u><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></b><br />
<i><o:p></o:p></i><br />
<b><u><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></b><br />
<i><o:p></o:p></i><br />
<b><u><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></b><br />
<i><o:p></o:p></i><br /></div>
Ashutosh Singhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16242387390649232523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2385153234994040842.post-46141682210573639352013-05-04T12:09:00.003-07:002013-05-04T12:09:51.994-07:00GENERAL TREND - CUT-OFF MARKS & USEFUL STATISTICAL DATA<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div align="justify" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">
The following statistical data gives an insight about the cut-off marks as well the topper's scores in both the Preliminary and the Main examinations for different subjects. This also mentally prepares budding aspirants and make them aware as to what is the score that they have to aim for in the qualifiers and Main examination in order to get a good ranking and also secure their position in the top segment.</div>
<div align="justify" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">
Note that the cut-off marks, topper's scores and the corresponding ranking of the candidates varies every year depending on the number of vacancies and the complexity of the examination during that particular year.</div>
<div align="justify" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">
You may visit the <a class="sapphirelink" href="http://upsc.gov.in/" style="color: #005dff; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><u>http://upsc.gov.in</u></a> to get the final ranks of candidates and the services allotted to them.</div>
<ul style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">
<li><a class="sapphirelink" href="http://www.indiancivils.com/exams/civil_services_exam_cutoff.htm#category_prelims_cutoff" style="color: #005dff; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">UPSC Preliminary Exam Cutoff Marks for the year 2010 and 2011</a></li>
<li><a class="sapphirelink" href="http://www.indiancivils.com/exams/civil_services_exam_cutoff.htm#trend" style="color: #005dff; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">General Trend of Scores for Preliminary Examination, Main Examination and Interview (with negative marking)</a></li>
<li><a class="sapphirelink" href="http://www.indiancivils.com/exams/civil_services_exam_cutoff.htm#prelims_cutoff" style="color: #005dff; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Cut-Off Marks for the Preliminary Examination (with negative marking)</a></li>
<li><a class="sapphirelink" href="http://www.indiancivils.com/exams/civil_services_exam_cutoff.htm#toppers_2003" style="color: #005dff; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Toppers' Marks - Civil Service Mains Examination 2003</a></li>
<li><a class="sapphirelink" href="http://www.indiancivils.com/exams/civil_services_exam_cutoff.htm#toppers_percentage" style="color: #005dff; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Percentage of marks obtained by Toppers</a></li>
<li><a class="sapphirelink" href="http://www.indiancivils.com/exams/civil_services_exam_cutoff.htm#selection" style="color: #005dff; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Statistical Trend - Vacancies (vs) Selection</a><br /><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%px;"><tbody>
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<span align="justify"><span class="sapphiretitle" style="color: #005dff; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Cut-Off Marks for the Preliminary Examination (with negative marking) in 2010 & 2011</span></span></h1>
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<tr><td class="sapphirebg" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;">Category</td><td class="sapphirebg" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;">Minimum Cut-off marks for preliminary exam - 2010</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">General</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">248</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">OBC</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">240</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">SC</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">231</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">ST</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">225</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">PH 1</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">227</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">PH 2</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">211</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">PH 3</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">182</td></tr>
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<table align="center" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" class="lightsapphirebg" style="background-color: #eff4ff; color: #005dff; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; width: 35%px;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="sapphirebg" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;">Category</td><td class="sapphirebg" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;">Minimum Cut-off marks for preliminary exam - 2011</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">General</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">198</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">OBC</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">175</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">SC</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">165</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">ST</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">161</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">PH 1</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">135</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">PH 2</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">124</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">PH 3</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">96</td></tr>
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<span class="sapphiretitle" style="color: #005dff; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><a href="" id="prelims_cutoff3" name="trend"></a>General Trend of Scores for Preliminary Examination (with negative marking), Main Examination and Interview<br /><br /><div align="justify" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal;">
The Indian Civil Services examinations conducted before the year 2011 had no negative marking. With the introduction of the system of negative marking for the IAS exams from the year 2011, the cut-off marks has gone down further. The basic trick to score well in the IAS examinations is to not risk answering those questions which you are not completely sure of. Instead of guessing the answer and losing marks, it is better to gain the maximum score by only answering the questions for which you are sure about the correct answer.</div>
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Going by the trend during the recent years, a score of more than 1050 is recommended to ensure a decent place in the final listing of selected candidates. The range of scores for the Main examination is between 50% - 55%. The key here is to choose an optional subject of your interest and score well to be the top segment of those subjects that you have chosen. The qualifying scores vary between optionals and the number of students finally selected from each optional subject is proportionate to the number of students appearing for a particular optional subject.<br /></div>
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<tr><td style="color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;" valign="top" width="500"><table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" class="lightsapphirebg" style="background-color: #eff4ff; color: #005dff; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; width: 465px;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="sapphirebg" colspan="2" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;">General Trend for Preliminary Exam - Qualifying Scores - With Negative Marking</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sapphirebg" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;" valign="top" width="230"><strong>Category</strong></td><td class="sapphirebg" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;" valign="top" width="235"><strong>Marks</strong></td></tr>
<tr><td class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">General</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">195+</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">OBC</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">180+</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">SC</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">165+</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">ST</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">150+</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="sapphirebg" colspan="2" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;">General Trend for Main examination - Cut-off Scores for Interview Call</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sapphirebg" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;" valign="top" width="230"><strong>Category</strong></td><td class="sapphirebg" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;" valign="top" width="235"><strong>Marks</strong></td></tr>
<tr><td class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">General</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">980+</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">OBC</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">960+</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">SC</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">950+</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">ST</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">920+</td></tr>
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In the case of personality test (interview), a decent score ranges between 150 to 180. The final interview plays a vital role in your final ranking and also in the placement process for a particular civil service. The interview scores generally vary between 50 to 240.<br /></div>
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<tr><td style="color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;" valign="top" width="500"><table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" class="lightsapphirebg" style="background-color: #eff4ff; color: #005dff; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; width: 485px;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="sapphirebg" colspan="2" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;">General Trend - Final Scores - Cut-off Marks for Final Selection</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sapphirebg" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;" valign="top" width="230"><strong>Category</strong></td><td class="sapphirebg" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;" valign="top" width="235"><strong>Marks</strong></td></tr>
<tr><td class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">General</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">1200+</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">OBC</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">1175+</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">SC</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">1150+</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">ST</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">1120+</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="sapphirebg" colspan="2" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;">General Trend - Final Scores - Based on Ranking</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sapphirebg" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;" valign="top" width="230"><strong>Category</strong></td><td class="sapphirebg" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;" valign="top" width="235"><strong>Marks</strong></td></tr>
<tr><td class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">Top 20 ranks</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">1300+</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">Top 50 ranks</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">1280+</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">Top 100 ranks</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">1250+</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">Top 200 ranks</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">1225+</td></tr>
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<span align="justify"><a href="" id="prelims_cutoff" name="prelims_cutoff"></a><span class="sapphiretitle" style="color: #005dff; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Cut-Off Marks for the Preliminary Examination (with negative marking)</span></span></h1>
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<tr><td class="sapphirebg" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;">Optional subject</td><td class="sapphirebg" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;">Minimum number of questions that need to be correct for Paper I</td><td class="sapphirebg" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;">Minimum number of questions that need to be correct for Paper II</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">General</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">65+</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">130+</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">OBC</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">60+</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">120+</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">SC</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">55+</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">110+</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">ST</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">50+</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">100+</td></tr>
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<span class="sapphiretitle" style="color: #005dff; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><a href="" id="prelims_cutoff5" name="toppers_2003"></a>Toppers' Marks - Civil Service Mains Examination 2003<br /><br /><table align="center" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" class="lightsapphirebg" style="background-color: #eff4ff; color: #005dff; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; width: 80%px;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="sapphirebg" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;">Subject</td><td class="sapphirebg" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;">Maximum Marks</td><td class="sapphirebg" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;">1<sup>st</sup> Rank<sup>1</sup></td><td class="sapphirebg" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;">3<sup>rd</sup> Rank<sup>2</sup></td><td class="sapphirebg" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;">6<sup>th</sup> Rank<sup>3</sup></td><td class="sapphirebg" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;">7<sup>th</sup> Rank<sup>4</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">Essay</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">200</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">125</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">132</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">119</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">108</td></tr>
<tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">General Studies - Paper I</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">300</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">192</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">197</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">179</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">154</td></tr>
<tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">General Studies - Paper II</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">300</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">147</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">164</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">180</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">127</td></tr>
<tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">Optional I - Paper I</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">300</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">173</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">173</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">165</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">174</td></tr>
<tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">Optional I - Paper II</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">300</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">180</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">171</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">180</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">183</td></tr>
<tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">Optional II - Paper I</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">300</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">190</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">166</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">181</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">205</td></tr>
<tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">Optional II - Paper II</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">300</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">157</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">191</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">200</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">185</td></tr>
<tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">Interview</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">300</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">230</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">180</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">174</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">201</td></tr>
<tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">Total marks</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">2300</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">1394</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">1374</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">1338</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">1337</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br /></div>
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<span class="sapphiretitle" style="color: #005dff; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><a href="" id="prelims_cutoff2" name="toppers_percentage"></a>Percentage of marks obtained by Toppers<br /><br /><table align="center" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" class="lightsapphirebg" style="background-color: #eff4ff; color: #005dff; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; width: 80%px;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="sapphirebg" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;">Subject</td><td class="sapphirebg" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;">Maximum Marks</td><td class="sapphirebg" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;">1<sup>st</sup> Rank<sup>1</sup></td><td class="sapphirebg" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;">3<sup>rd</sup> Rank<sup>2</sup></td><td class="sapphirebg" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;">6<sup>th</sup> Rank<sup>3</sup></td><td class="sapphirebg" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;">7<sup>th</sup> Rank<sup>4</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="250">Essay</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">100</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">62.50</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">66.00</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">59.50</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">54.00</td></tr>
<tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">General Studies - Paper I</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">100</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">64.00</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">65.67</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">59.67</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">51.33</td></tr>
<tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">General Studies - Paper II</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">100</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">49.00</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">54.67</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">60.00</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">42.33</td></tr>
<tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">Optional I - Paper I</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">100</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">57.67</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">57.67</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">55.00</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">58.00</td></tr>
<tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">Optional I - Paper II</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">100</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">60.00</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">57.00</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">60.00</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">61.00</td></tr>
<tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">Optional II - Paper I</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">100</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">63.33</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">55.33</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">60.33</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">68.33</td></tr>
<tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">Optional II - Paper II</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">100</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">52.33</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">63.67</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">66.67</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">61.67</td></tr>
<tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">Interview</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">100</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">76.67</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">60.00</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">58.00</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">67.00</td></tr>
<tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">Total marks</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">100</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">60.61</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">59.74</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">58.17</td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;">58.13</td></tr>
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<span class="sapphiretitle" style="color: #005dff; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Statistical Trend - Vacancies (vs) Selection</span></h1>
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<div align="center">
<strong>The following table highlights the number of candidates who applied for the preliminary examination (vs) the number of candidates who actually appeared for the examination from 1995 - 2002.</strong></div>
<table align="center" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" class="lightsapphirebg" style="background-color: #eff4ff; color: #005dff; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; width: 80%px;"><tbody>
<tr><td align="center" class="sapphirebg" rowspan="2" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;" width="33%"><strong>Year of Preliminary Exam</strong></td><td align="center" class="sapphirebg" colspan="2" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;" width="67%">No. of Candidates</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" class="sapphirebg" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;" width="34%"><strong>Applied</strong></td><td align="center" class="sapphirebg" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;" width="33%"><strong>Appeared</strong></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;" width="33%">1997</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="33%">2,65,761</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="34%">1,30,198</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;" width="33%">1998</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="33%">2,71,517</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="34%">1,22,363</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;" width="33%">1999</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="33%">3,09,501</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="34%">1,35,086</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;" width="33%">2000</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="33%">2,25,555</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="34%">1,19,398</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;" width="33%">2001</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="33%">2,56,673</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="34%">1,38,240</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;" width="33%">2002</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="33%">3,01,585</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="34%">1,57,486</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="center">
<br /></div>
<div align="center">
<strong>The following table highlights the number of vacancies for various posts against the number of candidates recommended for various civil services from 1995 - 2002.</strong></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" class="lightsapphirebg" style="background-color: #eff4ff; color: #005dff; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; width: 100%px;"><tbody>
<tr><td align="center" class="sapphirebg" rowspan="2" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;" width="9%"><strong>Year Of Exam</strong></td><td align="center" class="sapphirebg" colspan="5" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;" width="45%"><strong>Vacancies</strong></td><td align="center" class="sapphirebg" colspan="5" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;" width="46%"><strong>Candidates Recommended during Final Selection</strong></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" class="sapphirebg" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;" width="9%"><strong>SC</strong></td><td align="center" class="sapphirebg" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;" width="9%"><strong>ST</strong></td><td align="center" class="sapphirebg" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;" width="9%"><strong>OBC</strong></td><td align="center" class="sapphirebg" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;" width="9%"><strong>GEN</strong></td><td align="center" class="sapphirebg" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;" width="9%"><strong>TOTAL</strong></td><td align="center" class="sapphirebg" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;" width="10%"><strong>SC</strong></td><td align="center" class="sapphirebg" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;" width="9%"><strong>ST</strong></td><td align="center" class="sapphirebg" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;" width="9%"><strong>OBC</strong></td><td align="center" class="sapphirebg" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;" width="9%"><strong>GEN</strong></td><td align="center" class="sapphirebg" style="background-color: #005dff; color: white; line-height: 22px;" width="9%"><strong>TOTAL</strong></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">1995</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">98</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">49</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">165</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">333</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">645</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">101</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">49</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">192</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">303</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="10%">645</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">1996</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">125</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">57</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">174</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">383</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">739</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">138</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">59</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">212</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">330</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="10%">739</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">1997</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">89</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">43</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">166</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">323</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">621</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">94</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">46</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">215</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">266</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="10%">621</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">1998</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">53</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">28</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">114</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">275</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">470</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">60</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">30</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">142</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">238</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="10%">470</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">1999</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">53</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">27</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">97</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">234</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">411</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">63</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">30</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">127</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">191</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="10%">411</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">2000</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">54</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">29</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">100</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">244</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">427</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">58</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">34</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">128</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">207</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="10%">427</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">2001</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">47</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">39</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">97</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">234</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">417</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">52</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">42</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">131</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">192</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="10%">417</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" class="sapphirefont" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">2002</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">38</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">22</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">88</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">162</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">310</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">38</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">22</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">88</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="9%">138</td><td align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px;" width="10%">286</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
</span></h1>
</span></h1>
</span></h1>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
Ashutosh Singhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16242387390649232523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2385153234994040842.post-50734121113157751632013-05-04T12:02:00.000-07:002013-05-04T12:02:00.058-07:00GS MAINS – SYLLABUS ANDRESOURCE AND REFERENCE BOOKS AND JOURNALS – DETAILED ANALYSIS<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">Various resource and reference books for the changed GSsyllabus. In the changed pattern in History they have added world History, andworld geography also. It has become a must to read many important chapters ofSecond Administrative reforms commission Reports.<br /></span><br />
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b><u>MAINS GENERAL STUDIES PAPER - II</u></b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>(IndianHeritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society)</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>TOPICS</b><b> BOOKS & JOURNALS</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
1. Indianculture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature andArchitecture from ancient to modern times.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>References:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Indian Culture and Heritage – NIOS: <a href="https://www.facebook.com/notes/kalyan-sundaram/some-thoughts-on-the-civil-services-exams-article-56-gs-mains-syllabus-and-resou/553613324662010#" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nios.ac.in&h=9AQE7QYHf&s=1" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">www.nios.ac.in</a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Indian Freedom Struggle of Independence – Bipin Chandra</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Facets of Indian Culture - Spectrum Pub.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Indian Culture Chapter of Indian Year Book</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>Journals/Websites:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
The Hindu, <a href="http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pib.nic.in&h=ZAQHcL-o2&s=1" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">www.pib.nic.in</a>, Yojana, The Indian Express, EconomicPolitical Weekly, Frontline</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<br /></div>
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2. ModernIndian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the presentsignificant events, personalities, issues.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>References:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Indian Freedom Struggle of Independence – Bipin Chandra</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
“A Brief History of Modern India” – Spectrum Pub.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Indian Culture Chapter of Indian Year Book</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Modern India History – B. L. Grover</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<br /></div>
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3. TheFreedom Struggle - its various stages and important contributors orcontributions from different parts of the country.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>References:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
12<sup>th</sup> NCERT – Politics in Indian after Independence.</div>
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<br /></div>
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4. Post-independenceconsolidation and reorganization within the country.</div>
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<b>References:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
India since Independence – Bipin Chandra</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
India After Gandhi – Ramchandra Guha</div>
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5. Historyof the world will include events from 18th century such as industrialrevolution, world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonization,decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialismetc. - their forms and effect on the society.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>References:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
9<sup>th</sup> & 10<sup>th</sup> NCERT – India and thecontemporary world</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Mastering Modern World History – Normal Lowe</div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
6. Salientfeatures of Indian Society, Diversity of India.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>References:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
12<sup>th</sup> NCERT: Indian Society, Social change andDevelopment in India</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Indian Social System – Ram Ahuja</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>Journals/Websites:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
The Hindu, <a href="http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pib.nic.in&h=6AQGQIVxZ&s=1" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">www.pib.nic.in</a>, Yojana, The Indian Express, EconomicPolitical Weekly, Frontline, Kurukshetra</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
7. Roleof women and women’s organization, population and associated issues, povertyand developmental issues, urbanization, their problems and their remedies.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>References:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
IGNOU-ESO-12: Society in India</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Indian Social Structure & Change – K L Sharma</div>
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<br /></div>
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8. Effectsof globalization on Indian society.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>References:</b> IGNOU –ESO-16: Social Problems in India</div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
9. Socialempowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>References:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Indian society & Culture – Nadeem Hasnain</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Social Problems in India – Ram Ahuja</div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
10. Salient features of world’s physicalgeography.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>References:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
11<sup>th</sup> NCERT: Physical Geogrpahy, World Geography by MajidHusain</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>Journals/Websites:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
The Hindu, <a href="http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pib.nic.in&h=8AQE3JTrV&s=1" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">www.pib.nic.in</a>, Yojana, Down to Earth(<a href="http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.downtoearth.org.in&h=fAQFjDGEh&s=1" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">www.downtoearth.org.in</a>), The Indian Express, Economic Political Weekly,Frontline, Kurukshetra</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<br /></div>
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11. Distribution of key natural resourcesacross the world (including South Asia and the Indian subcontinent); factorsresponsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sectorindustries in various parts of the world (including India).</div>
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<b>References:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Certificate Physical and Human Geography by Goh Cheng Leong,</div>
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Around the World (Geography): ICSE Board Class (6, 7 & 8) or</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
OLD NCERT Books Class (6, 7 & 8)</div>
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<br /></div>
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12. Important Geophysical phenomena such asearthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical featuresand their location - changes in critical geographical features (including waterbodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>References:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Orient Longman Atlas</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><u>MAINS GENERAL STUDIES PAPER - III</u></b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>(Governance,Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations)</b></div>
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<b>TOPICS</b><b> BOOKS & JOURNALS</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
1. IndianConstitution- historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments,significant provisions and basic structure. </div>
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<b>References:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
11<sup>th</sup> NCERT Indian Constitution at work & IndianPolity by M. Lakshmi Kant, Constitution of India By PM Bakshi.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>Journals/ Websites:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
THE HINDU, PIB <a href="https://www.facebook.com/notes/kalyan-sundaram/some-thoughts-on-the-civil-services-exams-article-56-gs-mains-syllabus-and-resou/553613324662010#" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pib.nic.in&h=oAQFS0Pae&s=1" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">www.pib.nic.in</a>, Yojana, Kurukshetra,The Indian Express, Economic & Political Weekly, Frontline.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
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2. Functions and responsibilities of theUnion and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federalstructure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challengestherein.</div>
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3. Separation of powers between variousorgans dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions.</div>
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<b>References</b>:</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Introduction to the Constitution of India by DD Basu. <b>IGNOU</b> <b>MPS-003 India: </b>Democracy and Development, Indian PublicAdministration 3<sup>rd</sup> Edition by Rajni & Goyal.<b> </b> </div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>Journals/ Websites:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
THE HINDU, PIB <a href="https://www.facebook.com/notes/kalyan-sundaram/some-thoughts-on-the-civil-services-exams-article-56-gs-mains-syllabus-and-resou/553613324662010#" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pib.nic.in&h=RAQEUeCzO&s=1" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">www.pib.nic.in</a>, Yojana, Kurukshetra,The Indian Express, Economic & Political Weekly, Frontline.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<br /></div>
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4. Comparison of the Indian constitutionalscheme with that of other countries.</div>
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5. Parliament and State Legislatures -structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issuesarising out of these. <b>References</b>:</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Political Science by ND Arora, Public Administration By LakshmiKant.</div>
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<br /></div>
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6. Structure, organization and functioningof the Executive and the Judiciary Ministries and Departments of theGovernment; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role inthe Polity.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>References</b>:</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
12<sup>th</sup> NCERT: Politics in India After Independence, 2<sup>nd</sup>ARC REPORT, Sarkaria Commission Report. Punchi Commission Report.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
7. Salient features of the Representationof People’s Act.</div>
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8. Appointment to various Constitutionalposts, powers, functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies.</div>
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9. Statutory, regulatory and variousquasi-judicial bodies.</div>
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10. Government policies and interventionsfor development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design andimplementation.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>References</b>:</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
8<sup>th</sup> NCERT- Law & Social Justice, 9<sup>th</sup>NCERT- Economics, 11<sup>th</sup> NCERT- Economics: Indian EconomicDevelopment. 12<sup>th</sup> Five Year Plan 2012- Planning Commission.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>Journals/ Websites :</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/notes/kalyan-sundaram/some-thoughts-on-the-civil-services-exams-article-56-gs-mains-syllabus-and-resou/553613324662010#" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.socialjustice.nic.in&h=dAQEEYBlG&s=1" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">www.socialjustice.nic.in</a>, Kurukshetra, The Indian Express, Economic & Political Weekly,Frontline.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
11. Development processes and thedevelopment industry- the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations,donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>References</b>:</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>IGNOU</b> <b>MPS-003 India: </b>Democracy and Development.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
12. Welfare schemes for vulnerable sectionsof the population by the Centre and States and the performance of theseschemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for theprotection and betterment of these vulnerable sections.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>References</b>:</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Indian Year Book, Economic Survey, Annual Reports: Ministry ofSocial Justice & Empowerment.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>Journals/ Websites:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
THE HINDU, PIB <a href="https://www.facebook.com/notes/kalyan-sundaram/some-thoughts-on-the-civil-services-exams-article-56-gs-mains-syllabus-and-resou/553613324662010#" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pib.nic.in&h=SAQE98PeW&s=1" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">www.pib.nic.in</a>, Yojana &Kurukshetra.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
13. Issues relating to development andmanagement of Social Sector or Services relating to Health, Education, HumanResources.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
14. Issues relating to poverty and hunger.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
15. Important aspects of governance,transparency and accountability, e-governance - applications, models,successes, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparency &accountability and institutional and other measures.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
16. Role of civil services in a democracy. <b>References</b>:</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Governance In India By Lakshmi Kant, 2<sup>nd</sup> ARC REPORT, DevelopmentAdministration by Mohit Bhattacharya, New Horizons of Public Administration 7<sup>th</sup>Edition by Mohit Bhattacharya, Indian Public Administration 3<sup>rd</sup>Edition by Rajni & Goyal. </div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>Journals/ Websites :</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
THE HINDU, PIB <a href="https://www.facebook.com/notes/kalyan-sundaram/some-thoughts-on-the-civil-services-exams-article-56-gs-mains-syllabus-and-resou/553613324662010#" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pib.nic.in&h=jAQHfX4bf&s=1" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">www.pib.nic.in</a>, Yojana, Kurukshetra,The Indian Express, Economic & Political Weekly, Frontline.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
17. India and its neighborhood- relations.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>References</b>:</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>IGNOU - EPS- 07- </b>InternationalRelations<b>, IGNOU -MP-001</b>-India &the World, <b>IGNOU – MPS-002-</b>InternationalRelations: Theory and problems.<b></b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>Journals/ Websites:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
THE HINDU, PIB <a href="https://www.facebook.com/notes/kalyan-sundaram/some-thoughts-on-the-civil-services-exams-article-56-gs-mains-syllabus-and-resou/553613324662010#" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pib.nic.in&h=kAQEu76-b&s=1" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">www.pib.nic.in</a>, World Focus, TheIndian Express, Frontline.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
18. Bilateral, regional and global groupingsand agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>References</b>:</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
NCERT Class 12<sup>th</sup>: Political Science Contemporary WorldPolitics, India’s Foreign Policy- Retrospect and prospect By Sumit Ganguly.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
19. Effect of policies and politics ofdeveloped and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>References</b>:</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Foreign Policy of India By V N Khanna, India’s Foreign Policy-Retrospect and prospect By Sumit Ganguly.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
20. Important International institutions,agencies and fora- their structure, mandate.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>References</b>:</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Manorama Year Book , Ministry of External Affairs, Online Website.<b></b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b><u>MAINS GENERAL STUDIES PAPER - IV</u></b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>(Technology,Economic Development, Bio diversity, Environment, Security and DisasterManagement)</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>TOPICS</b><b> BOOKS & JOURNALS</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
1. IndianEconomy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth,development and employment.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>References:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
11<sup>th</sup> NCERT: Economics: Indian Economic Development</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Economic Survey of India</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Report: 12<sup>th</sup> Five Year Plan 2012-17 Documents (PlanningCommission)</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>Journals/Websites:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
The Hindu, <a href="http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pib.nic.in&h=6AQGQIVxZ&s=1" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">www.pib.nic.in</a>, Yojana, The Indian Express, Economic Times.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
2. Inclusivegrowth and issues arising from it.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>References:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Indian Economy – R. Dutt & Sundaram</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>Journals/Websites:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Economic Political Weekly</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
3. GovernmentBudgeting.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>References:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Indian Economy – R. Dutt & Sundaram</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
The Penguin Dictionary of Economics</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>Journals/Websites:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Economic Political Weekly</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
4. Majorcrops cropping patterns in various parts of the country, different types ofirrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing ofagricultural produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in theaid of farmers.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>References:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
India since Independence – Bipan Chandra (Land Reform)</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
12<sup>th</sup> NCERT: Geography: India People and Economy</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
11<sup>th</sup> NCERT: Economics: Indian Economic Development</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Report: 12<sup>th</sup> Five Year plan 2012-17 Documents (PlanningCommission)</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>Journals/Websites:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
The Indian Express, Economic Times, Economic & Political Weekly</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
5. Issuesrelated to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices;Public Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping;issues of buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics ofanimal-rearing.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>References:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Economic survey of India</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Indian Economy – R. Dutt & Sundaram</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Indian Economy Since Independence – Uma Kapila</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
India Year Book</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>Journals/Websites:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Frontline</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Kurukshetra</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Ministry of Agriculture website</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution Website</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
6. Foodprocessing and related industries in India- scope and significance, location,upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>Journals/Websites:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution Website</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Ministry of Food Processing Industries Website</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
7. Landreforms in India.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>References:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
India since Independence – Bipin Chandra (Land Reform)</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>Journals/Websites:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
The Hindu, <a href="http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pib.nic.in&h=LAQHTQdvw&s=1" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">www.pib.nic.in</a>, Yojana</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
8. Effectsof liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and theireffects on industrial growth.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>References:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Indian Economy Since Independence – Uma Kapila</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
2<sup>nd</sup> ARC Report (Strengthening Financial managementSystems)</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
India Year Book</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>Journals/Websites:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Frontline</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
9. Infrastructure:Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways, etc.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
2<sup>nd</sup> ARC Report (Strengthening Financial managementSystems)</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>Journals/Websites:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Kurukshetra</div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
10. Investment models.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
11. Science and Technology - developmentsand their applications and effects in everyday life Achievements of Indians inscience & technology; indigenization of technology and developing newtechnology.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>References:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Science & Technology: TMH Publication or Spectrum Publication</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Science Reporter</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>Journals/Websites:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Wikipedia, The Indian Express, Frontline, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/notes/kalyan-sundaram/some-thoughts-on-the-civil-services-exams-article-56-gs-mains-syllabus-and-resou/553613324662010#" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pib.nic.in&h=GAQEgDQFK&s=1" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">www.pib.nic.in</a>, International Journals and Magazines</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
12. Awareness in the fields of IT, Space,Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology and issues relating tointellectual property rights.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>References:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
The Hindu</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>Journals/Websites:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/notes/kalyan-sundaram/some-thoughts-on-the-civil-services-exams-article-56-gs-mains-syllabus-and-resou/553613324662010#" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencemag.org&h=qAQGsSxiS&s=1" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">www.sciencemag.org</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/notes/kalyan-sundaram/some-thoughts-on-the-civil-services-exams-article-56-gs-mains-syllabus-and-resou/553613324662010#" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wisegeek.com&h=IAQE4K4gV&s=1" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">www.wisegeek.com</a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
13. Conservation, environmental pollutionand degradation, environmental impact assessment.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>References:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Our Environment – NCERT (VII)</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Ecology: Unit 10<sup>th</sup> – Class 12<sup>th</sup> Biology(NCERT)</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Ecology & Environment (India Year Book)</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Ecology & Environment – P D Sharma</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>Journals/Websites:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Down to Earth (<a href="https://www.facebook.com/notes/kalyan-sundaram/some-thoughts-on-the-civil-services-exams-article-56-gs-mains-syllabus-and-resou/553613324662010#" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.downtoearth.org.in&h=OAQEQDyEA&s=1" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">www.downtoearth.org.in</a>), The HinduSurvey of the Environment</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
14. Disaster and disaster management.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>References:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
IGNOU: MPA – 018- Disaster Management</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
2<sup>nd</sup> ARC Report (Crisis Management)</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>Journals/Websites:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/notes/kalyan-sundaram/some-thoughts-on-the-civil-services-exams-article-56-gs-mains-syllabus-and-resou/553613324662010#" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.undp.org%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Findia%2Fdocs%2Fdisaster_management_in_india.pdf&h=MAQFcCmC0&s=1" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://www.undp.org/content/dam/india/docs/disaster_management_in_india.pdf</a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/notes/kalyan-sundaram/some-thoughts-on-the-civil-services-exams-article-56-gs-mains-syllabus-and-resou/553613324662010#" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndmindia.nic.in&h=0AQHBLIH5&s=1" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">www.ndmindia.nic.in</a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
15. Linkages between development and spreadof extremism.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>References:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
12<sup>th</sup> NCERT: Political Science: Contemporary WorldPolitics (Chapter : Security in the Contemporary World)</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Annual Report 2011-12: Ministry of Home Affairs</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>Journals/Websites:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
The Hindu, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/notes/kalyan-sundaram/some-thoughts-on-the-civil-services-exams-article-56-gs-mains-syllabus-and-resou/553613324662010#" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pin.nic.in&h=sAQHGUPnk&s=1" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">www.pin.nic.in</a>, Yojana</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
16. Role of external state and non-stateactors in creating challenges to internal security.</div>
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<b>References:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
12<sup>th</sup> NCERT: Political Science: Contemporary WorldPolitics (Chapter : Security in the Contemporary World)</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
2<sup>nd</sup> ARC Report (Public order Capacity Building forConflict Resolution, Combating Terrorism)</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
India Year Book</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>Journals/Websites:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
The Hindu, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/notes/kalyan-sundaram/some-thoughts-on-the-civil-services-exams-article-56-gs-mains-syllabus-and-resou/553613324662010#" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pin.nic.in&h=FAQFk3l_O&s=1" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">www.pin.nic.in</a>, Yojana, The IndianExpress, Economic Political Weekly, Frontline</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
17. Challenges to internal security throughcommunication networks, role of media and social networking sites in internalsecurity challenges, basics of cyber security; money-laundering and itsprevention.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>References:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
2<sup>nd</sup> ARC Report (Public order Capacity Building forConflict Resolution, Combating Terrorism)</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
India Year Book</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Manorama Year Book</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>Journals/Websites:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Ministry of Home Affairs (<a href="https://www.facebook.com/notes/kalyan-sundaram/some-thoughts-on-the-civil-services-exams-article-56-gs-mains-syllabus-and-resou/553613324662010#" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mha.nic.in&h=CAQGNKdUk&s=1" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">www.mha.nic.in</a>)</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
18. Security challenges and their managementin border areas; linkages of organized crime with terrorism.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
19. Various Security forces and agencies andtheir mandate.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b><u>MAINS GENERAL STUDIES PAPER - V</u></b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>(Ethics,Integrity, and Aptitude)</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>TOPICS</b><b> BOOKS & JOURNALS</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
This paper will includequestions to test the candidates’ attitude and approach to issues relating tointegrity, probity in public life and his problem solving approach to variousissues and conflicts faced by him in dealing with society. Questions mayutilise the case study approach to determine these aspects. The following broadareas will be covered.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
1. Ethics and Human Interface: Essence,determinants and consequences of Ethics in human actions; dimensions of ethics;ethics in private and public relationships. Human Values – lessons from thelives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators; role offamily, society and educational institutions in inculcating values.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>References:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
2<sup>nd</sup> ARC REPORT - 4<sup>th</sup> Report & 10<sup>th</sup>Report.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
New Horizons of Public Administration 7<sup>th</sup> Edition byMohit Bhattacharya. Ethics and Accountability in Government and Business byRamesh K Arora. Ethics & Integrity in Public Administration: Concepts &cases By Raymond W. Cox.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>Journals/Websites:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
THE HINDU, PIB <a href="https://www.facebook.com/notes/kalyan-sundaram/some-thoughts-on-the-civil-services-exams-article-56-gs-mains-syllabus-and-resou/553613324662010#" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pib.nic.in&h=dAQEEYBlG&s=1" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">www.pib.nic.in</a>, Yojana, The IndianExpress, Economic & Political Weekly, Economic Times.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
2. Attitude: content, structure, function;its influence and relation with thought and behaviour; moral and politicalattitudes; social influence and persuasion.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>References:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Social Psycology by Baron,</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Ethics by William K. Frankena.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Understanding Ethics by Noel Preston</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>Journals/Websites:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
THE HINDU, PIB <a href="https://www.facebook.com/notes/kalyan-sundaram/some-thoughts-on-the-civil-services-exams-article-56-gs-mains-syllabus-and-resou/553613324662010#" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pib.nic.in&h=hAQGoGXDi&s=1" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">www.pib.nic.in</a>, Yojana, The IndianExpress, Economic Times.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
3. Aptitude and foundational values forCivil Service, integrity, impartiality and non-partisanship, objectivity, dedicationto public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker-sections. </div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>References:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Indian Public Administration 3<sup>rd</sup> Edition by Rajni &Goyal<b>.</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>IGNOU: MPA-011-</b> Ethical Concern In public Administration.</div>
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<b>Journals/ Websites:</b></div>
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Frontline.</div>
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4. Emotional intelligence-concepts, andtheir utilities and application in administration and governance.</div>
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<b>References:</b></div>
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Emotional Intelligence By Daniel Goleman.</div>
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<b>Journals/ Websites:</b></div>
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Economic Times, Economic & Political Weekly, Frontline.</div>
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5. Contributions of moral thinkers andphilosophers from India and world.</div>
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<b>References:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
2<sup>nd</sup> ARC REPORT – 1<sup>st</sup> Report & 12<sup>th</sup>Report.</div>
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<b>Journals/ Websites:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Frontline.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<br /></div>
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6. Public/Civil service values and Ethicsin Public administration: Status and problems; ethical concerns and dilemmas ingovernment and private institutions; laws, rules, regulations and conscience assources of ethical guidance; accountability and ethical governance;strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance; ethical issues ininternational relations and funding; corporate governance.</div>
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<b>References:</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<b>IGNOU: MPA-011-</b>Ethical Concern In public Administration.</div>
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7. Probity in Governance: Concept of publicservice; Philosophical basis of governance and probity; Information sharing andtransparency in government, Right to Information, Codes of Ethics, Codes ofConduct, Citizen’s Charters, Work culture, Quality of service delivery,Utilization of public funds, challenges of corruption.</div>
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8. Case studies on Above Issues</div>
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Ashutosh Singhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16242387390649232523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2385153234994040842.post-46555779131442340542013-04-25T23:05:00.000-07:002013-04-25T23:05:04.785-07:00मित्र मेरी सलाह ...<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">मौसम में बढ़ती हुई गर्माहट और सिविल </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">सेवा प्रारंभिक परीक्षा की नजदीक आ </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">रही तिथि .......मन में चल रहा उधेड़बुन ...अब</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">किसे पढ़ें ,किसको छोड़ें ,....वक़्त सिर्फ एक महीने </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">का है।करना सब कुछ है. ...अरे <b><u>इतिहास</u></b> </span><span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; display: inline; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">का क्या होगा? <b>विपिन चन्द्रा</b> की पुस्तक<br />तो लगती है जैसे हिंदी की हो .....उसकी व्याख्या के लिए हिंदी के शिक्षक की आवश्यकता होगी .....पता नही क्या -<br />क्या लिख दिया ???<br /><b><u>राजनीति शास्त्र</u></b> ......ओह ! पता नही प्रश्न पत्र बनाने वाले क्या राजनीति कर देते हैं कि जैसे लगता है जो कानून अगले साल बनेगी वो आज ही उनके दिमाग में छप गये।अब इसके लिए ज्योतिष कहाँ से लाऊं? <b>लक्ष्मीकांत</b> ने कुछ अच्छा लिखा तो किताब ही मोटी कर दी।<br /></span><br />
<span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; display: inline; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><b><u>अर्थशास्त्र</u></b> की बात ही मत करो। पता नहीं क्या बला है?.....<b>दत्त और सुन्दरम</b> को पता नही क्या समझ में आया ग्रन्थ लिख दिया।कोचिंग में शिक्षक बताते हैं <b>बजट पढो,ईयर बुक पढो ,आर्थिक समीक्षा</b> पढ़ो .....यहाँ तक कि <b>१ ५ अगस्त और २ ६ जनवरी में प्रधानमंत्री और राष्ट्रपति</b> के भाषण से भी प्रश्न आयेंगे।</span><br />
<span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; display: inline; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br /></span>
<span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; display: inline; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">और कोचिंग में जो भाषण शिक्षक महोदय देते हैं उनका तो कहना ही क्या ??जो न सुना वो सिविल सेवा के बारे में सोचे भी मत ! <br /><br />......अब बात करूँ <b><u>पर्यावरण</u></b> की ....पता नही ये है क्या ???बड़े -बड़े राष्ट्र अभी तक नही समझ पाए तो हम क्या समझेंगे .....<b><u>.भूगोल </u></b>तो अपने आप में गोल है। समझ नहीं आती क्या नक़्शे का पचड़ा है।हमें तो अपने घर के नक़्शे और चौहद्दी का पता नही तो विश्व का क्या समझ में आएगा।<b> खुल्लर साहब</b> खुल के बताते नही .........<br /><br />IR और CURRENT AFFAIRS -तो भरोसे के लायक नहीं।<br /></span><br />
<span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; display: inline; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">जो पढ़ो वो आएगा नहीं .....<b>दर्पण ,क्रोनिकल ,</b>मं पता नही कहाँ से ख़बरें जुटाते हैं और नहीं जुटा पाते तो गलत -सही वैल्यू एडिसन<br />डालकर कीमत बड़ी कर देते हैं।अब एक महीना बचा है कुछ तो करना पड़ेगा ???बस <b>लुसेंट </b>पढ़ लेते है upsc नही तो pcs में काम<br />आएगा। ..............................<wbr></wbr><span class="word_break" style="display: inline-block;"></span>.........................<br /><br />मित्<wbr></wbr><span class="word_break" style="display: inline-block;"></span>र </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">तमाम विचारों में एक भी विचार अगर आपके मन</span><br />
<span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; display: inline; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">में है तो मेरी सलाह है अभी से ही परीक्षा में<br />उपस्थित होने का इरादा छोड़कर चैन से जियें।<br />फिर अगले साल के लिए अभी से तैयार हो जाएँ।<br />और जो दृढ़ हैं वो सकारात्मक सोच के साथ आगे<br />बढ़ें।<br /><br />मेरी शुभकामनाएं आप सबों के साथ है।......</span></div>
Ashutosh Singhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16242387390649232523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2385153234994040842.post-86123980548416045562011-12-03T06:34:00.000-08:002011-12-03T06:37:23.172-08:00UPSC Interview Tips<p style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 15px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-align: -webkit-auto; ">The Interview for the civil services examination also known as the Personality Test is exactly that. It is aimed at assessing the candidate’s personality, whether he is suitable to be a competent administrator or not.</p><p style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 15px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-align: -webkit-auto; ">The selectors look out for some attributes in the candidate and decide whether he/she is suited for a career in civil services or not. For this,the candidate should have a positive attitude, should have an alert mind with quick reflexes, should be free from any sort of prejudice, should be good at making quick decisions and should have the ability to act under stress and to handle difficult situations.</p><p style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 15px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-align: -webkit-auto; "><strong style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: 700; ">Preparation:</strong>Preparation for the Interview is a continuous process<strong style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: 700; ">.</strong> This involves a wide reading of books, journals, magazines and at least two newspapers. One should try to improve his/her conversational skills with the right pronunciation. The candidate should be prepared to answer <strong style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: 700; ">questions</strong> on his background, hobbies and extra curricular activities. It is a good idea to discuss current affairs and recent issues with friends. One good way of rehearsing possible <strong style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: 700; ">questions</strong> would be to have mock interviews and discussion groups. The candidate should make a self analysis of his strengths and weaknesses and make a conscious effort to play on his strengths.</p><p style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 15px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-align: -webkit-auto; "></p><h2 style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 28px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: 400; font-family: YanoneKaffeesatz-Bold, Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; color: rgb(15, 108, 118); line-height: 28px; ">Some useful tips for a successful interview at UPSC are:</h2><ol start="1" style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-left: 3em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "><li style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">To have a positive body language</li><li style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">To have a good personal turnout and ensuring the right posture</li><li style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">To answer <strong style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: 700; ">questions</strong> clearly and confidently</li><li style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Try to remain calm and composed even when faced with provocative <strong style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: 700; ">questions</strong></li><li style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Try not getting into long winded explanations and answer to the point.</li></ol><h2 style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 28px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: 400; font-family: YanoneKaffeesatz-Bold, Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; color: rgb(15, 108, 118); line-height: 28px; ">Things To Be Avoided at the UPSC Interview</h2><ul style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-left: 2.5em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "><li style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Avoid the expression, ‘I am sorry.’</li><li style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Avoid conversational cliches, like: ‘as you know’, ‘that’s correct’, ‘of course’, ‘indeed’, ‘obviously’, etc.</li><li style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Avoid technical jargon. However, if a member continues to probe you in any technical field, you can use technical expressions.</li><li style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Maintain a cheerful disposition. Now and then you can appear serious; but most of the time keep smiling or look cheerful and composed. One caution here: if the board laughs, you should only smile. It is only when you maintain some amount of distance that the board begins to wonder about the depth of your personality.</li><li style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Do not give long introductions. Come straight to the heart of the matter.</li><li style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Show human concern whenever possible in your answers.</li><li style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">You should be logically consistent and analyse things rationally while talking. You are supposed to defend what you say, but with due respect to the views of the board. Stop trying to defend an answer if it becomes difficult to do so logically and fairly.</li><li style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Do not make hasty or sweeping generalisations.</li></ul><div>According to <strong style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: 700; ">UPSC</strong> report, it has been observed that from 1979 onwards, 90 percent of the candidates who qualify for interview hover around the minimal percentage of 55 percent that is prescribed for the test. However to be assured of a Class I service, one has to generally obtain about 58 percent marks. It has been noticed that only those, securing 60 percent and above are sure of getting a service of their own choice. The figures clearly reveal that the marks in the interview test play a determining role in final selection of candidates.</div><div><br /></div><div><h2 style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 28px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: 400; font-family: YanoneKaffeesatz-Bold, Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; color: rgb(15, 108, 118); line-height: 28px; ">Types of questions asked at the UPSC interview.</h2><ul style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-left: 2.5em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "><li style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: 700; ">Relating to your name.</strong> Any famous personality who has a similar or same name or surname.</li><li style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: 700; ">Your career choice.</strong> Why you want to opt for the civilservices.</li><li style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: 700; ">Your Hobbies.</strong> Why you pursue such a hobby or <strong style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: 700; ">questions</strong> related to your hobby. So reasearch well on your hobby.</li><li style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: 700; ">Hot topics of recent days like the Bird Flu and Tamiflu, Office of Profit, Sahara airlines deal and the growing airlines,Terror attacks in India, <strong style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">India</strong> US Nuclear deal, Commonwealth games, <strong style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Saurav Ganguly</strong> etc.</strong> Keep reading and watching the news. If the recent headlines have something to do with your subject then specially revise those portions. For example if you are a veterinary doctor, Bird flu may go on to other animal diseases that can infect men. If you are an MBBS, then you might be asked about human to human spread of epidemics or any other epidemics and precautions etc. You may even be asked about the influence of MNC or drug manufacturers responsible for the spread of fear etc. If you are from an economy background, the same topic will veer towards the economic implications of the Bird flu.</li><li style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: 700; ">How you are going to use your specific knowledge(like if you are a doctor, lawyer, engineer etc) in the services.</strong></li><li style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: 700; ">Situational questions.</strong> Like If you were the collector/SP of Varanasi, what would you do after the Bomb Blast?</li><li style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 15px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><strong style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 15px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: 700; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">Choice of services.</strong> The order of your choice of services can raise <strong style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 15px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: 700; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">questions</strong> too.</li><li style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 15px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><strong style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 15px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: 700; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">About your institution and related.</strong>If you have studies at IIM you may be asked about the rising salaries, if from IGNOU then even about Indira Gandhi and so on.</li><li style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: 700; ">From your form.</strong> You must go through the form you have filled because most<strong style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: 700; ">questions</strong> will arise from there. If you have changed subjects, mentioned anything out of the way, watch out for <strong style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: 700; ">questions</strong> on them. Interviewers take cue from the form you have filled.</li></ul><div><h2 style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 28px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: 400; font-family: YanoneKaffeesatz-Bold, Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; color: rgb(15, 108, 118); line-height: 28px; ">Some actual questions asked of UPSC candidates.</h2><ul style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-left: 2.5em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "><li style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: 700; ">Don’t you think you can serve your country better by remaining a doctor and treating poor patients? Why do you want to be a civil servant?”</strong><br />It would be best to answer this question very practically rather than emotionally saying you want to serve the country, because even a doctor serves the people. A doctor from Kerala was asked this Question and her reply was – “Because I want to treat the primary malady that afflicts our country, that creates so many poor in <strong style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: 700; ">India</strong>. As a doctor I can treat only secondary maladies.” She even came up with exact statistics and suggestions on a rubber plantation for poverty alleviation indicating that she had spent considerable time and thoughts on her future plans. She was awarded a score of 85 per cent.</li><li style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: 700; ">“What are the problems faced by wheat cultivators in your state?”</strong> an M.Sc. (Agriculture) student from Palanpur was once asked. “The problem is not so much to do with agronomy but with the lack of a seed bank in Palanpur,” came the reply and the candidate walked away with an 80 per cent score.</li><li style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: 700; ">“Is there a law in physics, which is relevant to administration?”</strong> a law graduate was prompted. “Yes. Newton’s third law of motion: for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.” He scored a cool 80 per cent.</li></ul><p style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">The above <strong style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: 700; ">questions</strong> can give you an idea of how relevant <strong style="vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: 700; ">questions</strong> are asked from your subjects even as they are not directly from the syllabus.</p></div></div><p></p>Ashutosh Singhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16242387390649232523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2385153234994040842.post-69663155324405740192011-08-18T00:22:00.000-07:002011-08-18T01:35:44.738-07:00The Supreme Court of India<p class="MsoNormal">Overview:
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<br />1. The Supreme Court of India is decreed by Part V, Chapter IV of the Constitution
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<br />2.It was established on <st1:date year="1950" day="28" month="1">28 Jan 1950</st1:date>
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<br />3. According to the Constitution, the role of the Supreme Court is that of a federal court, guardian of the Constitution and the highest court of appeal
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<br />4. The Supreme Court has original, appellate and advisory jurisdiction
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<br />About the Supreme Court building:
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<br />1. The first home of the Supreme Court was the Chamber of Princes of the Parliament building, which had been the seat of the Federal Court of India
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<br />2. The Court moved to the present premises in 1958
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<br />3. The present premises was designed by Ganesh Bhikaji Deolalikar
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<br />COMPOSITION OF THE SUPREME COURT:
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<br />Judges of the Supreme Court:
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<br />1. The Supreme Court consists of 31 judges – one Chief Justice and 30 other Justices
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<br />2. The Constitution originally provided for 7 judges in the Court. However, due to increased workloads, this number has been gradually increased, reaching 31 in 2008
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<br />3. Judges in the Supreme Court sit together in Benches to hear cases
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<br />4. A small Bench, with two to three Justices, is called a Division Bench
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<br />5. A large Bench, with five or more Justices, is called a Constitutional Bench
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<br />6. A Division Bench may refer a case up to a Constitutional Bench if desired
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<br />7. The first woman judge of the Supreme Court was Justice Fatima Beevi in 1987. However, there has been no female Chief Justice
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<br />Terms of service:
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<br />1. Judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President
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<br />2. Judges of the Supreme Court retire at the age of 65
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<br />3. Must be a citizen of <st1:country-region><st1:place>India</st1:place></st1:country-region>
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<br />4. Must have been one of the following:
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<br />(a). A judge of a High Court for at least 5 years
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<br />(b). An advocate of a High Court for at least 10 years
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<br />(c). A distinguished jurist, in the opinion of the President
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<br />Ad hoc Judges:
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<br />1. Ad hoc Judges are non-Supreme Court judges who sit in the Supreme Court when there is insufficient quorum to perform the judicial duties
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<br />2. Ad hoc Judges are appointed by the Chief Justice after obtaining consent from the President
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<br />3. Serving and retired judges of the Supreme Court (and High Courts) can sit and act as ad hoc Judges of the Supreme Court
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<br />4. Only such persons can be appointed as ad hoc Judges who are qualified to be appointed as a regular Judge of the Supreme Court
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<br />The office of the Chief Justice:
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<br />1. The senior most judge of the Supreme Court is appointed as the Chief Justice
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<br />2. The Chief Justice remains in office for 5 years or until retirement, whichever is earlier
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<br />3. The Chief Justice is responsible for allocation of work to other judges
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<br />4. Other judges may refer cases to him if a bench of higher strength is required
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<br />5. The Chief Justice administers the oath of office to the President
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<br />6. In the absence of the President and the Vice-President, the Chief Justice sits as the Acting President of India
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<br />7. The Chief Justice is the ex-officio Chancellor to most autonomous law schools in India
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<br />Noteworthy Chief Justices:
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<br />1. The current Chief Justice, Sarosh Homi Kapadia (since <st1:date year="2010" day="7" month="5">May 7, 2010</st1:date>). is the 38th Chief Justice of India.
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<br />2. The first Chief Justice of India was H J Kania (1950 – 1951). Before appointment to the Supreme Court, he served as the Chief Justice of the Federal Court of India (1947 – 1950). He was from <st1:city><st1:place>Bombay</st1:place></st1:city>
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<br />3. The shortest tenure was for K N Singh (Nov 1991 – Dec 1991, UP)
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<br />4. The longest tenure was for Y V Chandrachud (1978 – 1985, <st1:city><st1:place>Bombay</st1:place></st1:city>)
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<br />INDEPENDENCE OF JUDGES
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<br />1. The salaries and allowances of Judges are charged to the Consolidated Fund of India and are not subject to a vote of Parliament
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<br />2. The salaries and other service conditions of Judges cannot be changed to their disadvantage during their tenure
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<br />3. Judges can be removed only by a resolution of both Houses of Parliament passed with a two-third majority
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<br />4. Judges can be removed only on grounds of proven misbehaviour or incapacity
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<br />5. Judges are barred from practicing in any court after retirement
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<br />6. The decisions and actions of Judges cannot be criticized. Disrespect to Court authority can invite Contempt of Court proceedings
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<br />7. The conduct of Judges cannot be discussed in Parliament or state legislatures
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<br />8. The appointment of Judges does not depend on the discretion of the President. Judges are appointed by the President in consultation with other Judges of the Supreme Court, while the Chief Justice is appointed based on seniority
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<br />9. The Court enjoys complete freedom with respect to appointment of officers of the Court
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<br />JURISDICTION OF THE SUPREME COURT:
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<br />Original Jurisdiction:
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<br />1. Original Jurisdiction means that certain types of cases can originate with the Supreme Court only
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<br />2. The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in
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<br />3. Disputes between the Centre and one or more states
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<br />4. Disputes between the Centre and any state(s) on one side and one or more states on the other side
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<br />5. Disputes between two or more states
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<br />6.Disputes regarding the enforcement of Fundamental Rights
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<br />Appellate Jurisdiction:
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<br />1. Appellate Jurisdiction means that appeals against judgements of lower courts can be referred to it
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<br />2. The Supreme Court is the highest court of appeal in the country
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<br />Three types of cases fall with appellate jurisdiction:
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<br />(a). Constitutional cases: an appeal against a High Court judgement can be made to the Supreme Court if the High Court determines that the case involves questions on the interpretation of the Constitution
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<br />(b). Civil cases: an appeal can be made in civil cases if the High Court certifies that the case involves a substantial question of law of general importance, and that the said question needs to be decided by the Supreme Court
<br />(c). Criminal cases: an appeal can be made in criminal cases if the High Court has reversed an acquittal and sentenced a person to death, or has taken up a case from a subordinate court and sentenced an accused to death interestingly, if the High Court reverses a conviction and orders acquittal, no appeal to the Supreme Court can be made
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<br />Advisory Jurisdiction:
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<br />1. Advisory Jurisdiction refers to the process where the President seeks the Court’s advice on legal matters
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<br />2. If the President asks for advice from the Supreme Court, the Court is duty-bound to give it. However, it not binding on the President to accept the advice
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<br />POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE SUPREME COURT:
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<br />1. Court of Record:
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<br />(i). The Supreme Court is a court of record
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<br />(ii). What this means is that its records are admitted to be of evidentiary
<br />value and cannot be questioned in any court
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<br />(iii). As a court of record, it also enjoys the power to punish for contempt of court
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<br />2. Judicial Review:
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<br />(i). Judicial Review means that the Court can ensure that laws passed by the legislature and orders issued by the executive do not contravene the Constitution
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<br />(ii). If these laws or orders go against the Constitution, the Court can declare them unconstitutional and hence invalid
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<br />(iii). The Court also protects the Fundamental Rights of citizens through various types of writs
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<br />3. Other powers:
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<br />(i). The Supreme Court appoints its officers and servants in consultation with the UPSC and determines their conditions of service, in consultation with the President
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<br />(ii). It can make rules regarding the practice and procedure of the court with the approval of the President
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<br />(iii). It can appoint arbitrators to decide cases relating to costs incurred by state governments in carrying out directions of the Union government
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<br />(iv). It adjudicates disputes relating to the election of the President and Vice-President
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<br />(v). It can recommend the removal of the Chairman and members of the UPSC to the President<o:p></o:p></p>Ashutosh Singhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16242387390649232523noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2385153234994040842.post-10947620326349764432011-08-12T17:29:00.000-07:002011-08-12T17:30:52.724-07:00CSAT format is practical and progressive<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">The first Civil Service Aptitude Test is behind us and the dust has settled over the content, direction and syllabus. However, not many have delved into understanding the purpose of CSAT. What does UPSC want to achieve through the incorporation of an aptitude test? How is it an improvement over the previous paper? And above all, what qualities are UPSC looking for in candidates? These, and many more questions, are yet to be answered.
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<br />Some feel that it is a process of sidelining test-takers from the vernacular medium, while others believe that it has been done to include students from science/engineering/commerce backgrounds; and there are plenty who feel that UPSC has merely added more burden (CS applicants) by including aptitude testing. The step to include a separate paper for CSAT has been done deliberately. Here are a few benefits of including a full paper on aptitude testing in the Civil Services examination.
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<br />One has to understand the basic dynamics of incorporating a full paper on aptitude testing. Aptitude testing has been a small part of the preliminary exam for many years.
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<br />However, the number of questions were as low as 15 out of 150. The cut-off for the GS paper (for 2010) is close to 40 questions. So a test-taker could afford not to attempt these questions and still get through the prelims. This was not a healthy sign for any examination and, hence a change was imminent.
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<br />Second, more than 20 subjects were available for test-takers for the preliminary exam and there were a few highly sought-after subjects like Public Administration, History, Geography, Sociology etc. These subjects were most sought-after because the scaling process favoured test-takers. This is also one of the primary reasons why UPSC never divulged the scaling process adopted by it.
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<br />Third, as already told, the twenty subjects available for test-takers were of different difficulty levels and it was very difficult for the UPSC to remove the error of differential difficulty through another tool of scaling. It was impossible to maintain a uniform level of difficulty among all papers, and this breached the fundamental right of equal opportunity.
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<br />Fourth, if the main examination tests a candidate’s understanding of a subject, then why do we need two steps of the same thing? (the preliminary examination also did the same). So, the preliminary examination was testing a candidate on a subject and then the main examination again tested the same candidate on the same or another subject.
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<br />One more benefit of including CSAT, if not a direct outcome, is that it improves the employability of CS aspirants. Most test-takers prepare for the examination in full-time mode. They prepare only for this exam and are not in a position to prepare for other examinations (given the exhaustive nature of the examination). By the time a test-taker exhausts his/her attempts, he/she is over age for many other examinations like PO, SSC, CDS, etc. So, through this analysis, CS aspirants should prepare for the examination in the right spirit. </span>Ashutosh Singhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16242387390649232523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2385153234994040842.post-55269882078274204922011-08-11T19:04:00.000-07:002011-08-11T19:05:41.075-07:00Supreme Court orders to reform Indian Police<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><b><span class="Apple-style-span" >Supreme Court orders to reform Indian Police:</span></b></span><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><b><span class="Apple-style-span" >
<br /></span></b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">The Supreme Court of India, in a historical judgment yesterday, given order to reform existing criminal justice system to establish better rule of law in the country.
<br />The Supreme Court has ordered to do some revolutionary changes in the Indian police administration. The Indian Police should be more accountable and should not entertain any kind of political interference.
<br />The Indian Police Act is some 145-year-old. The Supreme Court has issued directives to the Centre as well as states to immediately implement the 7-point directive.
<br />It is all about some necessary changes that is needed such as a 2-year fixed tenure for DGPs and the other senior officers who are holding the key posts.
<br />The directive, too, includes the directive to separate crime investigation and prosecution process from the maintenance of normal law and order.
<br />The bench of Chief Justice Y.K. Sabharwal, Justice C.K. Thakker and Justice P.K. Balasubramanyan ordered to implement the Basing the order on the recommendations of the National Police Commission (1977) recommendations.
<br />The recommendation has some points such as-
<br /># To set up a national security commission at the Centre and a state security commission at states.
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<br /># To set up police establishment board and police complaint authority in every state and at the district level.
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<br /># On the basis of the recommendations of the NHRC, the Julio Riberio Committee and the Soli Sorabjee Committee, the bench ordered to revamp the Indian Police Act, 1861.
<br /># to restrict the politically interfered transfer and posting of officers when the government changes.
<br /># To fix the tenure of DGPs, IGPs, DIGs and SPs for a minimum fixed tenure of two years. Promotion, charges on discipline grounds, corruption, criminal charges are exceptional.
<br /># Introduce scientific research in crimes.
<br /># The police establishment board will have the power of transfers, postings and promotion of officers below the rank of DSP.
<br /># The national security commission will have the power for the selection and posting of chiefs of CPOs. It will take orders from Home Ministry.
<br /># The state security commission will work under Chief Minister and DGP as ex-officio secretary.
<br /># The state police complaint authority will work under a retired Supreme Court or high court judge.
<br />At last, the Supreme Court has given the due time to center as well as states to implement the order till December 31. The Cabinet Secretary and the Chief Secretary of each state will have to submit conformity reports by January 2007.</span></div>Ashutosh Singhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16242387390649232523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2385153234994040842.post-11104851010708005972011-08-02T09:20:00.000-07:002011-08-02T09:21:15.288-07:00Essential Interrogative Terms and Their Meanings:<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, 'Bitstream Vera Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19px; "><p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><b>Analyze: </b>To find out what something is made up of by identifying its components.<br />(Critically) Analyze: To find out critically what something is made up of by identifying its components.<br /><br /><b>Assess: </b>To examine something, to determine something in order to judge or evaluate it.<br />(Critically) Assess: Assessment containing or involving comments and opinions that analyze or judge something, especially in a detailed way.<br /><br /><b>Bring out the Significance: </b>Bring out the implied or intended meaning.</p><p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><b>Capture the Movement: </b>To seize or gain control over a fast changing.</p><p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><b>Comment: </b>An implied or indirect judgment.</p><p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><b>Consider: </b>To think carefully about something.</p><p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><b>Debate:</b> To talk about something at length and in detail, especially as part of a formal exchange of opinion.</p><p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><b>Describe: </b>To give an account of something by giving details of its characteristics.</p><p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><b>Do you agree? Give examples: </b>To have the same opinion about something as somebody else. Decorate with examples.</p><p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><b>Discuss: </b>To write or speak about the topic formally/officially.</p><p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><b>Elaborate: </b>To organize with thoroughness and careful attention to detail.</p><p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><b>Elucidate: </b>To explain and clarify something.</p><p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><b>Evaluate: </b>To consider or examine something in order to judge its value.</p><p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><b>Examine: </b>To study or investigate something.<br />(Critically) Examine: Critically study or investigate something.<br /><br /><b>Examine closely: </b>To study or investigate something carefully or thoroughly.</p><p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><b>Explain: </b>To give reason for something that has happened, often as justification for it. To justify.</p><p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><b>Formulate: </b>To draw something up carefully and in detail.</p><p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><b>Give Argument in favor of something: </b>To give reason to support your argument.</p><p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><b>Give your judgment in favor: </b>To form sound opinions and make sensible decisions or reliable guesses.</p><p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><b>Investigate: </b>To take a look and see what has happened.</p><p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><b>Justify: </b>See Explain.</p><p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><b>List out the Salient Features: </b>Arrange the noticeable and striking distinctive features.</p><p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><b>Highlight the Salient Features: </b>Take out the best part.</p></span>Ashutosh Singhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16242387390649232523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2385153234994040842.post-15622063552885265472011-06-07T03:56:00.000-07:002011-06-07T03:59:57.711-07:00maharatna, navratna ,miniratna:<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; "><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">What are Maharatna in India?</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><br /></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">In 2009, the government established the Maharatna status, which raises a company’s investment ceiling from Rs. 1,000 crore to Rs. 5,000 crore. The Maharatna firms would now be free to decide on investments up to 15 per cent of their net worth in a project.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Earlier, the Navaratna companies could invest up to Rs 1,000 crore without government approvals.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><br /></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Criteria for Maharatna</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><br /></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">In order to qualify as a Maharatna, a company must have:</p><ul style="list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 35px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Three years with an annual net profit of over Rs.2500 crore</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Net worth of Rs. 10,000 crore</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Turnover of Rs. 20,000 crore</li></ul><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "> </strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><br /></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">What are Navratna in India?</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><br /></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">The Navratna status is offered to PSEs, which gives a company enhanced financial and operational autonomy and empowers it to invest up to Rs. 1000 crore or 15% of their net worth on a single project without seeking government approval. In a year, these companies can spend up to 30% of their net worth not exceeding Rs. 1000 cr. They will also have the freedom to enter joint ventures, form alliances and float subsidiaries abroad.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><br /></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Criteria for Navratna</strong><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "> </strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><br /></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Navratna status is conferred by Department of Public Enterprises. To be qualified as a Navratna, the company must obtain a score of 60 (out of 100). The score is based on six parameters which include net profit to net worth, total manpower cost to total cost of production or cost of services, PBDIT (Profit Before Depreciation, Interest and Taxes) to capital employed, PBDIT to turnover, EPS (Earning Per Share) and inter-sectoral performance. Additionally, a company must first be a Miniratna and have four independent directors on its board before it can be made a Navratna.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><br /></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">What are Miniratnas in India?</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><br /></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">In addition, the government created another category called Miniratna. Miniratnas can also enter into joint ventures, set subsidiary companies and overseas offices but with certain conditions. In 2002, there were 41 government enterprises that were awarded Miniratna status.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><br /></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Category I</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><br /></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">This designation applies to PSEs that have made profits continuously for the last three years or earned a net profit of Rs. 30 crore or more in one of the three years. These miniratnas granted certain autonomy like incurring capital expenditure without government approval up to Rs. 500 crore or equal to their net worth, whichever is lower.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><br /></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Category II</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><br /></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">This category include those PSEs which have made profits for the last three years continuously and should have a positive net worth. Category II miniratnas have autonomy to incurring the capital expenditure without government approval up to Rs. 300 crore or up to 50% of their net worth whichever is lower.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><br /></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">List of Maharatna, Navratna and Miniratna CPSEs</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><br /></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">As per available information</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">(as on 15th April, 2011)</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><br /></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Maharatna CPSEs</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><ol style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 35px; "><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Coal India Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Indian Oil Corporation Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">NTPC Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Steel Authority of India Limited</li></ol><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><br /></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Navratna CPSEs</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><br /></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><ol style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 35px; "><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Bharat Electronics Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Bharat Heavy Electrical Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">GAIL (India) Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Hindustan Aeronautics Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">National Aluminium Company Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">NMDC Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Oil India Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Power Finance Corporation Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Power Grid Corporation of India Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Rural Electrification Corporation Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Shipping Corporation of India Limited</li></ol><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "> </strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><br /></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Miniratna Category - I CPSEs</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><br /></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><ol style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 35px; "><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Airports Authority of India</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Balmer Lawrie & Co. Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Bharat Dynamics Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">BEML Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Bridge & Roof Company (India) Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Central Warehousing Corporation</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Central Coalfields Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Cochin Shipyard Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Container Corporation of India Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Dredging Corporation of India Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Engineers India Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Ennore Port Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Goa Shipyard Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Hindustan Copper Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">HLL Lifecare Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Hindustan Newsprint Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Hindustan Paper Corporation Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Housing & Urban Development Corporation Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">India Tourism Development Corporation Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Indian Railway Catering & Tourism Corporation Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">IRCON International Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">KIOCL Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Mazagaon Dock Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Mahanadi Coalfields Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Manganese Ore (India) Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Mangalore Refinery & Petrochemical Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Mishra Dhatu Nigam Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">MMTC Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">MSTC Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">National Fertilizers Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">National Seeds Corporation Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">NHPC Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Northern Coalfields Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Numaligarh Refinery Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Pawan Hans Helicopters Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">RITES Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">SJVN Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">South Eastern Coalfields Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">State Trading Corporation of India Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Telecommunications Consultants India Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">THDC India Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Western Coalfields Limited</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">WAPCOS Limited</li></ol><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "> </strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><br /></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Miniratna Category-II CPSEs</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><br /></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">49.Bharat Pumps & Compressors Limited</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> 50. Broadcast Engineering Consultants (I) Limited</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> 51. Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Limited</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> 52. Ed.CIL (India) Limited</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> 53. Engineering Projects (India) Limited</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">54. Ferro Scrap Nigam Limited</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">55. HMT (International) Limited</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">56. HSCC (India) Limited</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">57. India Trade Promotion Organisation</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">58. Indian Medicines & Pharmaceuticals Corporation Limited</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">59. M E C O N Limited</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">60. National Film Development Corporation Limited</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">61. National Small Industries Corporation Limited</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">62. P E C Limited</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">63. Rajasthan Electronics & Instruments Limited</p></span>Ashutosh Singhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16242387390649232523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2385153234994040842.post-3563827512927842172011-06-07T03:47:00.000-07:002011-06-07T03:50:32.450-07:00British viceroys in india-<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; "><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">British Viceroys of India</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Lord Canning History (1856 – 1862) :</strong></p><ul style="list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 35px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">The last Governor General and the first Viceroy.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Mutiny took place in his time.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">On November, 1858, the rule passed on to the crown.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Withdrew Doctrine of Lapse.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">The Universities of Calcutta, Bombay and Madras were established in 1857.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Indian Councils Act was passed in 1861.</li></ul><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Lord Elgin (1862 – 1863)</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Lord Lawrence (1864 – 1869) :</strong></p><ul style="list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 35px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Telegraphic communication was opened with Europe.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">High Courts were established at Calcutta, Bombay and Madras in 1865.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Expanded canal works and railways.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Created the Indian Forest department.</li></ul><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Lord Mayo History (1869 – 1872) :</strong></p><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "></strong><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "></p><ul style="list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 35px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Started the process of financial decentralization in India.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Established the Rajkot college at Kathiarwar and Mayo College at Ajmer for the Indian princes.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">For the first time in Indian history, a census was held in 1871.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Organised the Statistical Survey of India.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Was the only Viceroy to be murdered in office by a Pathan convict in the Andamans in 1872.</li></ul><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Lord Northbrook (1872 – 1876) :</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Lord Lytton (1876 – 1880) :</strong></p><ul style="list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 35px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Known as the Viceroy to reverse characters.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Organised the Grand ‘Delhi Durbar’ in 1877 to decorate Queen Victoria with the title of ‘Kaiser I Hind’.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Arms act (1878) made it mandatory for Indians to acquire license for arms.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Passed the infamous Vernacular Press act (1878).</li></ul><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Lord Ripon (1880 – 1884) :</strong></p><ul style="list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 35px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Liberal person, who sympathized with Indians.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Repeated the Vernacular Press act (1882)</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Passed the local self government act (1882)</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Took steps to improve primary & secondary education (on William Hunter Commission’s recommendations).</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">The I Factory act, 1881, aimed at prohibiting child labour.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Passed the libert Bill (1883) which enabled Indian district magistrates to try European criminals. But this was withdrawn later.</li></ul><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Lord Dufferin (1884 – 1888) : </strong>Indian National Congress was formed during his tenure.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Lord Lansdowne (1888 – 1894) :</strong></p><ul style="list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 35px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">II Factory act (1891) granted a weekly holiday and stipulated working hours for women and children, although it failed to address concerns such as work hours for men.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Categorization of Civil Services into Imperial, Provincial and Subordinate.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Indian Council act of 1892 was passed.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Appointment of Durand Commission to define the line between British India and Afghanistan.</li></ul><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Lord Elgin II (1894 – 1899) : </strong>Great famine of 1896 – 1897. Lyall Commission was appointed.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Lord Curzon (1899 – 1905) :</strong></p><ul style="list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 35px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Passed the Indian Universities act (1904) in which official control over the Universities was increased.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Partitioned Bengal (October 16, 1905) into two provinces Bengal (proper) & East Bengal & Assam.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Appointed a Police Commission under Sir Andrew Frazer to enquire into the police administration of every province.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">The risings of the frontier tribes in 1897 – 98 led him to create the North Western Frontier Province (NWFP).</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Passed the Ancient Monuments Protection act (1904), to restore India’s cultural heritage. Thus the Archaeological Survey of India was established.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Passed the Indian Coinage and Paper Currency act (1899) and put India on a gold standard.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Extended railways to a great extent.</li></ul><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">History of Lord Minto (1905 – 1910) :</strong></p><ul style="list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 35px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">There was great political unrest in India. Various acts were passed to curb the revolutionary activities. Extremists like Lala Laipat Rai and Ajit Singh (in May, 1907) and Bal Gangadhar Tilak (in July, 1908) were sent to Mandalay jail in Burma.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">The Indian Council act of 1909 or the Morley Minto Reforms was passed.</li></ul><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Lord Hardinge (1910 – 1916) :</strong></p><ul style="list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 35px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Held a durbar in December, 1911 to celebrate the coronation of King George V.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Partition of Bengal was cancelled (1911), capital shifted from Calcutta to Delhi (1911).</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">A bomb was thrown at him; but he escaped unhurt (December 23, 1912).</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Gandhiji came back to India from South Africa (1915).</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Annie Besant announced the Home Rule Movement.</li></ul><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Lord Chelmsford (1916 – 1921) :</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "></strong></p><ul style="list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 35px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">August Declaration of 1917, whereby control over the Indian government would be gradually transferred to the Indian people.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">The government of India act in 1919 (Montague Chelmsford reforms) was passed.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Rowlatt act of 1919; Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (April 13, 1919).</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Non Cooperation Movement.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">An Indian Sir S.P.Sinha was appointed the Governor of Bengal.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">A Women’s university was founded at Poona in 1916.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Saddler Commission was appointed in 1917 to envisage new educational policy.</li></ul><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Lord Reading (1921 – 1926) :</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><ul style="list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 35px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Rowlatt act was repeated along with the Press act of 1910.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Suppressed non – cooperation movement.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Prince of Wales visited India in November, 1921.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Moplah rebellion (1921) took place in Kerala.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Ahmedabad session of 1921.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Formation of Swaraj Party.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Vishwabharati University started functioning in 1922.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Communist part was founded in 1921 by M.N. Roy.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Kakory Train Robbery on August 9, 1925.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Communal riots of 1923 – 25 in Multan, Amritsar, Delhi, etc.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Swami Shraddhanand, a great nationalist and a leader of the Arya Samajists, was murdered in communal orgy.</li></ul><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Lord Irwin (1926 – 1931) :</strong></p><ul style="list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 35px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Simon Commission visited India in 1928.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Congress passed the Indian Resolution in 1929.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Dandi March (March 12, 1930).</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Civil Disobedience Movement (1930).</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">First Round Table Conference held in England in 1930.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Gandhi Irwin Pact (March 5, 1931) was signed and Civil Disobediance Movement was withdrawn.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Martydorm of Jatin Das after 64 days hunger strike (1929).</li></ul><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Lord Willington (1931 – 1936) :</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "></strong></p><ul style="list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 35px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Second Round Table conference in London in 1931.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">On his return Gandhiji was again arrested and Civil Disobedience Movement was resumed in January, 1932.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Communal Awards (August 16, 1932) assigned seats to different religious communities. Gandhiji went on a epic fast in protest against this division.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Third Round Table conference in 1932.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Poona Pact was signed.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Government of India act (1935) was passed.</li></ul><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Lord Linlithgow (1936 – 1944) :</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "></strong></p><ul style="list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 35px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Government of India act enforced in the provinces. Congress ministries formed in 8 out of 11 provinces. They remained in power for about 2 years till October 1939, when they gave up offices on the issue of India having been dragged into the II World War. The Muslim League observed the days as ‘Deliverance Say’ (22 December)</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Churchill became the British PM in May, 1940. He declared that the Atlantic Charter (issued jointly by the UK and US, stating to give sovereign rights to those who have been forcibly deprived of them) does not apply to India.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Outbreak of World War II in 1939.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Cripps Mission in 1942.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Quit India Movement (August 8, 1942).</li></ul><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Lord Wavell (1944 – 1947) :</strong></p><ul style="list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 35px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Arranged the Shimla Conference on June 25, 1945 with Indian National Congress and Muslim League; failed.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Cabinet Mission Plan (May 16, 1946).</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Elections to the constituent assembly were held and an Interim Government was appointed under Nehru.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">First meeting of the constituent assembly was held on December 9, 1946.</li></ul><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Lord Mountbatten (March 1947 – August 1947) :</strong></p><ul style="list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 35px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Last Viceroy of British India and the first Governor General of free India.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Partition of India decided by the June 3 Plan.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Indian Independence Act passed by the British parliament on July 4, 1947, by which India became independent on August 15, 1947.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Retried in June 1948 and was succeeded by C. Rajagopalachari (the first and the last Indian Governor General of free India)</li></ul></span>Ashutosh Singhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16242387390649232523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2385153234994040842.post-27862829177723048692011-06-07T03:44:00.000-07:002011-06-07T03:47:12.261-07:00Dances of India:<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; "><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Folk Dances</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Folk Dances of Central India:</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Gaur Dance: Madhya Pradesh</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Muria Dances: Chattisgarh (Har Endanna, Hulki Dance, Karsana Dance)</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Saila Dance: Chattisgarh(Sarguja) and MP(Betul) . A stick dance</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Karma Dance: Gonds & Baigas of Chattisgarh, Oraons of Madhya Pradesh</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Kaksar Dance: Abhujmaris of Bastar</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Pandavani: Chattisgarh</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Lota: Pandvani</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Folk Dances of East India:</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Chhau: Bihar</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Brita Dance: West Bengal</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Kali Dance: West Bengal</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Dalkhai: Orissa (Sambalpur). Chaiti Ghora is a dummy horse version of the</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Dalkhai dance and is popular in fishing communities.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Goti Puas: Orissa. The credit of popularizing this dance goes to Ramchandradev,</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">the Rajaof Khurd (Orissa).</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Folk Dances of North East India:</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Bihu: Assam</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Hajgiri: Tripura</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Nongkrem: Meghalaya</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Dhol-Cholom: Manipur</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Sattriya: Assam</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Folk Dances of North India:</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Dumhal: Jammu & Kashmir</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Hikat: Himachal Pradesh.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Natio: Group of dances performed during Kullu Dussehra festival.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Namagen: Himachal Pradesh. Famous amongt Gaddi tribe.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Hurka Baul: Uttaranchal. Kumaon region. Performed during cultivation of paddy</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">and maize. The drum used is called Hurka.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Jhumeila: Uttaranchal</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Chaufula: Uttaranchal (Garwal)</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Chholiya: Kumaon, Uttaranchal</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Bhangra: Punjab</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Luddi: Punjab</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Gidha: Punjab</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Jhoomer: Punjab</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Dhamyal or Dhup: Haryana</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Folk Dances of South India:</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Padayani: Kerala</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Kummi: Tamilnadu</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Kolattam: Andhra Pradesh & Tamilnadu (Also known as Kolannalu or</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Kolkolanallu)</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Perini: Andhra Pradesh</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Thapetta Gullu: Andhra Pradesh</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">•</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">•</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Folk Dances of South West India</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Dollu Kunitha: Karnataka</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Ghode Modni: Goa</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Lava Danceof Minicoy: Lakshadweep</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Tarangmel: Goa</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Folk Dances of Western India:</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Dandiya: Rajasthan</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Ghumer Dance, Raika Dance, Jhoria Dance: Rajasthan. Performed by Bhil tribe.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Gher Dance: Mina tribe of Rajasthan</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Valar Dance: Garasias of Rajasthan</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Tera Tali: Rajasthan (Kamar Tribe)</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Dindi and Kala: Maharashtra (Devotional)</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Garba: Gujarat (Fertility Cult)</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Garbi: A form of Garba where men perform the dance</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Tippani: Saurashtra</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Dhangari Gaja: Dhangars of Maharashtra</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Koli: Koli Tribe of Maharashtra</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Classical Dances:</strong></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Bharatnatyam - Tamil Nadi</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Kathak - UP</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Kathakali - Kerala </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Kuchipudi - Andhra Pradesh</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Manipuri - Manipur</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Mohiniattam - Kerala</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Odissi - Orissa</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">• Sattriya - Assam</p></span>Ashutosh Singhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16242387390649232523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2385153234994040842.post-81208645600744907242011-06-07T03:43:00.000-07:002011-06-07T03:44:32.971-07:00Ordinary bill and money bill:<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; "><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Ordinary Bills</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">1. Articles 107 and 108 deal with ordinary bills.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">2. An Ordinary Bill can be introduced in any of the Houses of Parliament.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">3. An Ordinary Bill can be introduced without the recommendation of the President</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">4. A Dead lock may occur.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">5. A Joint Session of Houses may be called to resolve the Dead lock.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">6. When a Bill is passes in one House, and it is sent to the other House for passing, the other House may keep that Bill for 6 months with it.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">7. The House has to oblige the recommendations of the other House. If not, Dead lock arises.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">*****************</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Money Bills</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">1. Articles 109 and 110 deal with Money Bills.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">2. A Money Bill can only be introduced in the Lok Sabha. It can not be introduced in Rajya Sabha.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">3. The Money Bill can be introduced with the recommendation of the President..</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">4. No dead lock occurs. </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">5. No Joint Session of House necessary.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">6. A Money Bill is passed by Lok Sabha. Thereafter it is sent to Rajya Sabha for recommendations. Rajya Sabha must return it within 14 days, with or without recommendations.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">7. Lok Sabha may consider or may not consider the recommendations of the Rajya Sabha pertaining to Money Bills.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">8. Whether it is a Money Bill or not, the Speaker has to give a certificate and shall be endorsed only it.9. The President may either give or withhold his assent to a Money Bill. A Money Bill can not be returned to the House by the President for reconsideration.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">*******************<em style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "> </em></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><em style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">** the budget can be discussed early in rajya sabha</em></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">** <em style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">A Bill undergoes three readings in each House, i.e. the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, before it is submitted to the President for assent</em></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><em style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">** Constitution Amendment Bills can be introduced in either House of Parliament.</em></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><em style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">*** Like Money Bills, Bills which, inter alia, contain provisions for any of the matters attracting sub-clauses (a) to (f) of clause (1) of article 110 can also not be introduced in Rajya Sabha.</em></p></span>Ashutosh Singhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16242387390649232523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2385153234994040842.post-80109949339120239862011-06-07T03:41:00.000-07:002011-06-07T03:43:01.043-07:00missile program of india-<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; "><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><em style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Here is the list of Missiles available in the armory of India.</strong></em></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> *****************************************************</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Air-to-air missiles</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Astra</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Anti Ballistic Missiles'</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Prithvi Air Defence Missile (Exo-atmospheric Anti-ballistic missile)</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Advanced Air Defense Missile (Endo-atmospheric Anti-ballistic missile)</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> ___________________________________________</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Surface-to-surface missiles</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Short Range Ballistic Missiles</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Prithvi I</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Prithvi II</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Prithvi III</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Dhanush</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Agni I</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Shaurya</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Agni-II</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Agni-IIAT</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Agni-III</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Agni V</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Surya(under development/not confirmed)</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Cruise Missiles</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Subsonic Cruise Missiles</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Nirbhay</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Supersonic Cruise Missiles</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">BrahMos</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Hypersonic Cruise Missiles</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">BrahMos II</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Submarine Launched Ballistic Missiles</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">K-15 Sagarika</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">K-XX</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">____________________________________________</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Surface-To-Air Missiles</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Trishul</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Akash</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Maitri</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Barak2</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Guided Missiles</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Anti-Tank Guided Missiles</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Nag Anti-tank guided missile</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Helina Air launched Anti-tank missile</p></span>Ashutosh Singhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16242387390649232523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2385153234994040842.post-50547598359684898382011-06-07T03:40:00.002-07:002011-06-07T03:41:39.005-07:00ICAR Awards:<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; "><ol style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 35px; "><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Sardar Patel Outstanding ICAR Institution Award</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Choudhary Devi Lal Outstanding All-India Coordinated Research Project Award</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Award</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Award for Tribal Areas</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Hari Om Ashram Trust Award</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Jawaharlal Nehru Award</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Vasantrao Naik Award</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Lal Bahadur Shastri Young Scientist Award</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Bharat Ratna Dr. C Subramaniam Outstanding Teacher Award</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Punjab Rao Deshmukh Woman Agricultural Scientist Award</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Chaudhary Charan Singh Award for Excellence in Journalism in Agricultural Research and Development</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">N.G. Ranga Farmer Award for Diversified Agriculture</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Jagjivan Ram Kisan Puruskar</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Swamy Sahajanand Saraswati Extension Scientist /Worker Award</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">ICAR Award for Outstanding Multidisciplinary Team Research in Agriculture and Allied Sciences</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">National Krishi Vigyan Kendra Award ICAR</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Dr. Rajendra Prasad Puruskar for Technical Books in Hindi in the Field of Agriculture and Allied Sciences</li></ol></span>Ashutosh Singhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16242387390649232523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2385153234994040842.post-51879333483681358582011-06-07T03:40:00.001-07:002011-06-07T03:40:29.736-07:00Key features of NREGA<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; "><ul style="list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 35px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">1. Eligibility:</strong> Any person who is above the age of 18 and resides in rural areas is entitled to apply for work.</p></li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">2. Entitlement:</strong> Any applicant is entitled to work within 15 days, for as many as he/she has applied, subject to a limit of 100 days per household per year.</p></li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">3. Distance:</strong> Work is to be provided within a radius of 5 kilometres of the applicant’s residence if possible, and in any case within the Block. If work is provided beyond 5 kilometres, travel allowances have to be paid.</p></li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">4. Wages:</strong> Workers are entitled to the statutory minimum wage applicable to agricultural labourers in the state, unless and until the Central Government “notifies” a different wage rate. If the Central Government notifies, the wage rate is subject to a minimum of Rs. 60 per day.</p></li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">5. Timely payment:</strong> Workers are to be paid weekly, or in any case not later than a fortnight. Payment of wages is to be made directly to the person concerned in the presence of independent persons of the community on -pre-announced dates.</p></li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">6. Unemployment allowance:</strong> If work is not provided within 15 days, applicants are entitled to an unemployment allowance: one third of the wage rate for the first thrity days, and one half thereafter.</p></li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">7. Worksite facilities:</strong> Labourers are entitled to various facilities at the worksite such as clean drinking water, shade for periods of rest, emergency health care, and child-minding.</p></li></ul><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Employment guarantee scheme</p><ul style="list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 35px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">1. Employment Guarantee Scheme:</strong> Each state government has to put in place an “Employment Guarantee Scheme” within six months of the Act coming into force.</p></li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">2. Permissible works:</strong> A list of permissible works is given in Schedule I of the Act. These are concerned mainly with water conservation, minor irrigation, land development, rural roads, etc. However, the Schedule also allows “any other work which may be notified by the Central Government in consultation with the State Government”.</p></li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">3. Programme Officer:</strong> The Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme is to be coordinated at the Block level by a “Programme Officer”. However, the Act allows any of his/her responsibilities to be delegated to the Gram Panchayats.</p></li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">4. Implementing agencies:</strong> REGS works are to be executed by “implementing agencies”. These include, first and foremost, the Gram Panchayats (they are supposed to implement half of the REGS works), but implementing agencies may also include other Panchayati Raj Institutions, line departments such as the Public Works Department or Forest Department, and NGOs.</p></li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">5. Contractors:</strong> Private contractors are banned.</p></li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">6. Decentralised planning:</strong> A shelf of projects is to be maintained by the Programme Officer, based on proposals from the implementing agencies. Each Gram Panchayat is also supposed to prepare a shelf of works based on the recommendations of the Gram Sabha.</p></li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">7. Transparency and accountability:</strong> The Act includes various provisions for transparency and accountability, such as regular social audits by the Gram Sabhas, mandatory disclosure of muster rolls, public accessibility of all REGS documents, regular updating of job cards, etc.</p></li></ul><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Other provisions</p><ul style="list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 35px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">1. Participation of women:</strong> Priority is to be given to women in the allocation of work, “in such a way that at least one-third of the beneficiaries shall be women”.</p></li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">2. Penalties:</strong> The Act states that “whoever contravenes the provisions of this Act shall on conviction be liable to a fine which may extend to one thousand rupees”.</p></li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">3. State Council:</strong> The implementation of the Act is to be monitored by a “State Employment Guarantee Council”.</p></li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">4. Cost sharing:</strong> The Central Government has to pay for labour costs and 75% of the material costs. State governments have to pay the unemployment allowance and 25% of the material costs.</p></li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">5. Time frame:</strong> The Act is to come into force initially in 200 districts, and is to be extended to the whole of rural India within five years of its enactment.</p></li></ul></span>Ashutosh Singhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16242387390649232523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2385153234994040842.post-70596423925215467622011-06-07T03:36:00.000-07:002011-06-07T03:39:10.363-07:00Biosphere reserves in India:<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; "><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">List of Biosphere Reserves</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Biosphere reserves of India (area wise)</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Year Name Location State Type Area (km²)</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">1. 2008 Rann of Kuchch/ gyan bharati Reserve Part of Kuchh, Rajkot and Surendranagar District Gujarat Desert 12454</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">2. 1989 Gulf of Mannar Indian part of Gulf of Mannar between India and Sri Lanka Tamil Nadu Coasts 10500</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">3. 1989 Sunderbans Part of delta of Ganges and Barahamaputra river system West Bengal Gangetic Delta 9630</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">4. 1988 Nanda Devi Parts of Chamoli District, Pithoragarh District & Almora District Uttarakhand West Himalayas 5860</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">5. 1986 Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve Part of Wynad, Nagarhole, Bandipur and Mudumalai,Nilambur, Silent Valley and Siruvani Hills Tamil Nadu, Keralaand Karnataka Western Ghats 5520</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">6. 1998 Dehang Debang Part of Siang and Debang valley Arunachal Pradesh East Himalayas 5112</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">7. 1999 Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve Parts of Betul District, Hoshangabad District andChhindwara District Madhya Pradesh Semi-Arid 4926</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">8. 1994 Simlipal Part of Mayurbhanj district Orissa Deccan Peninsula 4374</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">9. 2005 Achanakamar -Amarkantak Part of Annupur, Dindori and Bilaspur districts Madhya Pradesh,Chattisgarh Maikala Range 3835</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">10. 1989 Manas Part of Kokrajhar, Bongaigaon, Barpeta, Nalbari, Kamrupand Darrang District Assam East Himalayas 2837</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">11. 2000 Kanchanjunga Parts of Kanchanjunga Hills Sikkim East Himalayas 2620</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">12. 2001 Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve Neyyar, Peppara and Shenduruny Wildlife Sanctuary and their adjoining areas Kerala Western ghats 1828</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">13. 1989 Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve Southern most islands of Andaman and Nicobar Islands Andaman and Nicobar Islands Islands 885</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">14. 1988 Nokrek Part of Garo Hills Meghalaya East Himalayas 820</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">15. 1997 Dibru-Saikhowa Part of Dibrugarh District and Tinsukia District Assam East Himalayas 765 </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">16. 2009 Cold Desert Pin Valley National Park and surroundings;Chandratal and Sarchu & Kibber 7770</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">17. 2010 Seshachalam-Parts of Chittoor and Kadapa districts of Andhra Pradesh (4755.997 km2)</p></span>Ashutosh Singhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16242387390649232523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2385153234994040842.post-59864008310414292672011-06-07T03:35:00.000-07:002011-06-07T03:36:33.716-07:00essential commodities:<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; "><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">The list of commodities under the Essential Commodities Act, 1955.</strong></p><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "></strong><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Declared under Clause (a) of Section 2 of the Act</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">1. Cattle fodder, including oilcakes and other concentrates.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">2. Coal, including coke and other derivatives.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">3. Component parts and accessories of automobiles.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">4. Cotton and woolen textiles.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">5. Drugs.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">6. Foodstuffs, including edible oilseeds and Oils.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">7. Iron and Steel, including manufactured products of Iron & Steel.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">8. Paper, including newsprint, paperboard and strawboard.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">9. Petroleum and Petroleum products.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">10. Raw Cotton, either ginned or unginned and cotton seeds.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">11. Raw Jute.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Declared under sub-clause (xi) of clause (a) of Section 2 of the Act</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">12. Jute textiles.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">13. Fertilizers, whether inorganic, organic or mixed.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">14. Yarn made wholly from cotton.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">15. i) seeds of food crops and seeds of fruits and vegetables,</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> ii) seeds of cattle fodder and</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> iii) jute seeds.</p></span>Ashutosh Singhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16242387390649232523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2385153234994040842.post-35090621631578149542011-06-07T03:34:00.000-07:002011-06-07T03:35:22.213-07:00SOILS OF INDIA :<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; "><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">SOILS OF INDIA : </strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">SOILS OF INDIA Loose material and uppermost layer of earth’s crust.Important natural resource.Formed due to weathering of rocks.Provides nutrients & water to plants.Factors affecting soil formation:ClimateVegetationAge of rockRelief and Parent rock </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">TYPES OF SOILS : </strong></p>TYPES OF SOILS Eight major types according to Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).Alluvial soilsBlack soilsRed soilsLaterite soilsDesert soilsMountain soilsSaline and Alkaline soilsPeaty and Marshy soils <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">ALLUVIAL SOIL : </strong></p>ALLUVIAL SOIL Formed by deposition of alluvium by rivers.Occupies 15 Lakh sqkm area in India.Contribute greatly in agricultural development.Two types: KHADAR & BHANGARKHADAR: Newer alluvium.Sandy, pale brown composition.Found in lower areas.Flooded every year. <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">ALLUVIAL SOIL : </strong></p>ALLUVIAL SOIL BANGAR: Older alluvium.Clayey & dark in colour.Coarse in nature.Contains Kankar (lime nodules), Pebbles and Gravels.Represents riverine alluvium of Himalayan rivers. <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">ALLUVIAL SOIL : </strong></p>ALLUVIAL SOIL Characteristics: Transported soils.Coarser in upper section and finest in delta.Light to dark in colour.Rich in Potash & Humus.Poor in Phosphorous and Nitrogen.Highly fertile, good for all crops (kharif & rabi).Crops: Rice, Wheat, Sugarcane, Cotton, Jute.Areas: Punjab, Haryana, U.P, Bihar, W.B, Assam, Parts of Orissa, delta regions of S.India <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">BLACK SOIL : </strong></p>BLACK SOIL Also known as Regur or Black Cotton soil.Dark grey to Black in colour.High clay content.Highly moist retentive.Develops cracks in summer.Covers 5.4 lakh sqkm.Highly suitable for cotton.Rich in iron, lime, calcium, Magnesium, carbonates, and alumina. <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">BLACK SOIL : </strong></p>BLACK SOIL Poor in Phosphorous, Nitrogen and Organic matter.Areas: Deccan Trap which includes: Maharastra, Wn M.P, Parts of A.P, Nn Karnataka, Parts of T.N and Rajasthan.Crops: Cotton, Sugarcane, Groundnut, Millets, Rice, Wheat, Oilseeds. <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">RED SOIL : </strong></p>RED SOIL Formed due to weathering of old crystalline rocks.More sandy and less clayey.Rich in iron, small amount of Humus.Poor in phosphorus, nitrogen and lime.Slightly acidic and do not retain moisture.3.5 lakhs sq.km area.Porous and Friable. <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">RED SOIL : </strong></p>RED SOIL Area : Tamil Nadu, Southern Karnataka, parts of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, West Bengal, Eastern Rajasthan, North eastern States.Crops : Ragi, Groundnut, millet, Tobacco, Potato, Rice, Wheat, Sugarcane. <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">LATERITE SOIL : </strong></p>LATERITE SOIL Latin word meaning brick.Formed under high temperature and rainfall with wet and dry spell.Silica is leached due to high rainfall.Remnants of iron and aluminum oxides left behind is know as Laterite. Brown to Yellowish colour.Becomes hard when exposed to atmosphere.Used as building material. <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">LATERITE SOIL : </strong></p>LATERITE SOIL Rich in Iron.Poor in Lime, Potash, & Magnesium.Occupies 2.4 Lakh sqkm.Areas: Parts of Assam, Karnataka, T.N, A.P, M.P, Kerala.Crops: Tea, Coffee, Cashew, Rubber and Coconut. <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">DESERT SOIL : </strong></p>DESERT SOIL Contains soluble salts.Originated by Mechanical disintegration & wind deposit.Porous and coarse.90% sand & 5% clay.Rich in Nitrates & Phosphates.Poor in Nitrogen & Humus.Friable, sandy & low moist content.1.4 Lakh sqkm. <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">DESERT SOIL : </strong></p>DESERT SOIL Areas: Arid and Semi arid regions of Rajasthan, Sn Haryana, Punjab, Nn Gujarat.Crops: Drought resistant crops like millets and barley. <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">MOUNTAIN SOIL : </strong></p>MOUNTAIN SOIL Found in hill slopes.Formed by deposition of organic matter from forest.Rich in humus.Poor in Potash and Lime.Areas: Assam, Kashmir, Sikkim & Arunachal Pradesh.Crops: Tea, Coffee, Spices & Tropical Fruits. <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">SALINE & ALKALINE SOIL : </strong></p>SALINE & ALKALINE SOIL Contains salts like Sodium, Magnesium, Calcium.Infertile, unfit for cultivation.Sandy to loamy in texture.Areas: Parts of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, U.P & Maharashtra. <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">PEATY AND MARSHY SOIL : </strong></p>PEATY AND MARSHY SOIL Occur in Humid region.Formed by accumulation of organic matter.Black in colour.Highly acidic and heavy.Areas: Kottayam & Alleppey in Kerala, Coastal Orissa, Sundarbans of W.B <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">SOIL EROSION : </strong></p>SOIL EROSION Removal of top soil by different agents.CAUSES:DeforestationOvergrazing.Faulty method of Agriculture.Erosion by rivers.Removal of top soil (for bricks, pots, tiles etc)Shifting cultivation. <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">SOIL EROSION : </strong></p>SOIL EROSION EFFECTS:Loss of cultivable land.Reduction in soil fertility.Causes silting & may change river course.Results in lots of run off.Reduces percolation of ground water. <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">SOIL CONSERVATION : </strong></p>SOIL CONSERVATION Protection of soil from Erosion and Deterioration.Measures For Soil Conservation:Contour farming.Mulching ( spreading of grass, leaves on ground).Afforestation and Reforestation.Controlled grazing.Construction of dams and barragesCrop rotation.Sub soiling.Terrace farming. </span>Ashutosh Singhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16242387390649232523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2385153234994040842.post-37540351891664120262011-06-07T03:33:00.000-07:002011-06-07T03:34:02.643-07:00important cases:<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; "><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Landmark cases that altered constitution of india(its only the crux of the matter ) Golak Nath</strong> vs. The State of Punjab- decision said Article 13 prevents the passing of laws which "take away or abridge" the Fundamental Rights provisions.Article 368 does not contain a power to amend the constitution but only a procedure.The power to amend comes from the normal legislative power of Parliament.Therefore, amendments which "take away or abridge" the Fundamental Rights provisions cannot be passed.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Kesavananda Bharati</strong> v. The State of Kerala- a vital decision of the Supreme Court . It is the basis for the power of the Indian judiciary to review, and strike down, amendments to the Constitution of India passed by the Indian parliament which conflict with or seek to change the constitution's "'basic structure'".</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">"It overruled the Golak nath case "</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">*The 42nd amendment is thought to be the immediate and most direct fall out of the judgement*</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Minerva mills case</strong>- the SC ruled that the 'judicial review', being a basic feature of constitution, couldn't be taken away by the Parliament by amendment of constitution. A key implication of this judgment is that the SC had empowered itself to sit on the judgment over any law passed by Parliament or any amendment done, to see their constitutionality.it happened during indira gandhi's tenure</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Bommai case</strong> - during 1993-94 ,this verdict stopped the misuse of Article 356 (imposition of president rule), to impose central authority on states, was stopped after this judgement.was initiated by SR Bommai ,the then CM of karnataka</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">The question whether fundamental rights can be amended under article 368 came for consideration in the Supreme Court in <strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Shankari Prasad case</strong> The Supreme Court held that power to amend including the fundamental rights is contained in Article 368 and the same view was taken by court in<strong style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "> Sajjan Singh case</strong></p></span>Ashutosh Singhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16242387390649232523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2385153234994040842.post-35686576107783383742011-06-07T03:31:00.000-07:002011-06-07T03:32:15.901-07:00Some Popular Indian Scams<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; "><ul style="list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 35px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Harshad Mehta Big Bull Scam – 4000 crore</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Lalu’s Chara Ghotala – 950 crores – July 2008 IAS officer Sajjal gets four-yr RI for 39 crore scam</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Hawala Scandal – 5000 crores</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Bofors Scandal – 64 crores (Also Read: 1 2 3)</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Narendra Rastogi serial scammer – more than 43 crores (Read more1)</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Dalmia Scandal – 595 crores</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Civil Aviation Minister Praful Patel fraud case-50 crores</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">UTI Scam – 32 crores</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Mutual Fund Scam – 1350 crores</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Bansali Scam – 1200 crores</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Ketan Parekh’s Sebi Scam- 888 crores - June 08 – SC issues arrest warrant against Ketan Parekh</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Cobbler Scam – 1000 crores</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Bribe to allot petrol pumps scam</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Churhat lottery scam – ?</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Anantnag transport subsidy scam – ?</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Bangalore – Mysore Infrastructure Corridor – ?<ul style="list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 35px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Kerala SNC Lavalin power scandal – 374.5 crore loss – Dec 09 – Accused CPM leader Vijayan gets bail in graft case.</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Telgi Scam – 171 crores - Telgi was sentenced 13 yrs RI and 100 cr fine. (Read More 1 2 Timeline 3)</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Mayawati’s Taj Corridor- 175 crores alleged scam – Case was dropped in 2007 by the pecial designated court due to insufficient evidence (Read more 1 Is Politics such a high paying profession ? 2 May 2008 -Mayawati attempts to stop CBI investigation 3)</li><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Motilal Goel Scam – 1000 crore</li></ul></li></ul><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><ul style="list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 35px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; "><li style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; ">Satyam Fraud – 7 to 14000 crores – Pricewaterhouse Coopers saw no fraud in Satyam – Nov 09 CBI arrested Satyam’s internal audit head V S Prabhakar Gupta for allegedly fabricating account books, just days before it is due to file a second chargesheet in the multi-crore fraud at the IT firm. Jul 10 – Promoters wrongfully gained 2643 crores </li></ul><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Lalit Modi Indian Premier League (IPL) Scam – 1200 crores</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Commonwealth Games Scam - 8000 crores</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">2G Scam – 1,76,000 crore</p></span>Ashutosh Singhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16242387390649232523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2385153234994040842.post-30262971120620180282011-06-07T03:21:00.000-07:002022-07-15T02:06:16.765-07:00List of Commissions:<p style="line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial;">U.C.Benerjee Commission - Enquiry into Godhra carnage (Railways)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><span lang="FR" style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Nanavati-Shah - commission Posy Godhra riots<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><span lang="FR" style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Palekar Tribunal - Journalist pays reforms<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial;">Hunter Commission - Jallianwalabagh massacre<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial;">Nanavati Commission - 1984 Sikh riots<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial;">Mukherjee Commission - Death/Disappearance of Subhash Chandra Bose<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial;">Librehan Commission - Babri Masjid demolition case<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial;">Sarkaria Commission - Centre-State relations<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #333333;">Sri Krishna Commission - 1992 </span><st1:city><st1:place><span style="color: #333333;">Bombay</span></st1:place></st1:city><span style="color: #333333;"> riots<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p style="line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial;">Thakkar Commission - Indira Gandhi assassination case<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial;">Phukhan Commission - Tehelka tapes<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial;">Malimath Commission - Criminal Justice<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial;">Upendra Commission - Inquiry on rape and murder Thangjem Manorama Devi<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #333333;">G.C.Garg Commission - Train accident near Khanna, </span><st1:place><span style="color: #333333;">Punjab</span></st1:place><span style="color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p style="line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial;">Mandal Commission - Reservation of seats for Backward castes<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial;">Kothari Commission - Educational reforms<span style="font-size: 8.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="height: 0px; text-align: left;"><br /></p>Ashutosh Singhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16242387390649232523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2385153234994040842.post-69348731938499488472011-06-07T03:18:00.000-07:002011-06-07T03:21:11.515-07:00List of Committee:<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><st1:city><st1:place><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">Butler</span></st1:place></st1:city><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333"> Committee - Relation between Indian states & paramount power<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">Hurtog Committee - Growth of </span><st1:place><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma; color:#333333">British India</span></st1:place><span style="font-size:8.5pt; font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333"> education-its effects<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">Muddiman Committee - Working of Diarchy as in Montague Chelmsford reforms<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">Malhotra Committee - Insurance Reforms<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">Janaki Ram Committee - Security Scam<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">Ajay Vikram Singh Committee - Faster promotions in Army<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">Rajinder Sachar Committee 1 - Companies and MRPT Act<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">Rajindar Sachar Committee 2 - Report on the social, economic and educational status of the Muslims of India.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">Jyoti Basu Committee - Report on Octroi abolition.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">Balwant Rai Mehta Committee - Recommendations on decentralization system<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">Sawant Committee - Enquiry on corruption, charges against ministers & Anna Hazare<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">Chelliah Committee - Eradicating black money<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">Wanchoo Committee - Tax enquiry<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">Bhanu Pratap Singh Committee – Agriculture<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">Agarwal Committee - Nepotism in granting petrol pump, LPG connections<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">Rangarajan Committee - Reforms in private sector<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">Naresh Chandra Committee - Corporate governance<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">Chakravarti Committee - Banking sector reforms<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">Rekhi Committee - Structure of indirect taxation<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">G.V.Ramakrishna Committee - Disinvestment in PSU shares<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">Kelkar Committee 1 - First committee on backward castes<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">P.C.Hotha Committee - Restructuring of civil services<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">Justice B.N.Kirpal Committee - 1st chairman National Forest Commission<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">Godbole Committee - Enron Power Project<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">J.C.Kumarappa Committee - Congress agrarian Reforms Committee<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">Swaminathan Committee - Population policy<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">Rangaraju Committee – Statistics<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">Wardha Committee - Inquiry on murder of Graham Staines<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">Vohra Committee - Criminalization of politics<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">Kelkar Committee 2 - Direct-Indirect Taxes<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">Alagh Committee - Civil Service Examinations<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">Abid Hussain Committee - Recommendations on Small scale industries<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">Narasimham Committee - Banking sector reforms<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">Chelliah Committee - Tax reforms<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">Mashelkar Committee - National Auto Fuel Policy<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">Boothalingam Committee - Recommendations on integrated wages, income and price policy.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">Omkar Goswami Committee Industrial sickness<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">Yashpal Committee - Review of School Education system<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">Ram Nandan Prasad Committee - Constitution of creamy layers among Backward Castes.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">Kelkar Committee 3 - Enquiry on Kargil defense deals.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333">Saharya Committee - Tehelka tapes<o:p></o:p></span></p>Ashutosh Singhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16242387390649232523noreply@blogger.com0