UPSC Aspirant

What are Maharatna in India? In 2009, the government established the Maharatna status, which raises a company’s investment ceiling from Rs. 1,000 crore to Rs. 5,000 crore. The Maharatna firms would now be free to decide on investments up to 15 per cent of their net worth in a project. Earlier, the Navaratna companies could invest up to Rs 1,000 crore without government approvals. Criteria for Maharatna In order to qualify as a Maharatna, a company must have: Three years with an annual net profit of over Rs.2500 crore Net worth of Rs. 10,000 crore Turnover of Rs. 20,000 crore What are Navratna in India? The Navratna status is offered to PSEs, which gives a company enhanced financial and operational autonomy and empowers it to invest up to Rs. 1000 crore or 15% of their net worth on a single project without seeking government approval. In a year, these companies can spend up to 30% of their net worth not exceeding Rs. 1000 cr. They will also have the freedom to enter joint ventures, for

British Viceroys of India Lord Canning History (1856 – 1862) : The last Governor General and the first Viceroy. Mutiny took place in his time. On November, 1858, the rule passed on to the crown. Withdrew Doctrine of Lapse. The Universities of Calcutta, Bombay and Madras were established in 1857. Indian Councils Act was passed in 1861. Lord Elgin (1862 – 1863) Lord Lawrence (1864 – 1869) : Telegraphic communication was opened with Europe. High Courts were established at Calcutta, Bombay and Madras in 1865. Expanded canal works and railways. Created the Indian Forest department. Lord Mayo History (1869 – 1872) : Started the process of financial decentralization in India. Established the Rajkot college at Kathiarwar and Mayo College at Ajmer for the Indian princes. For the first time in Indian history, a census was held in 1871. Organised the Statistical Survey of India. Was the only Viceroy to be murdered in office by a Pathan convict in the Andamans in 1872. Lord Northbrook (1872 – 187

Folk Dances Folk Dances of Central India: • Gaur Dance: Madhya Pradesh • Muria Dances: Chattisgarh (Har Endanna, Hulki Dance, Karsana Dance) • Saila Dance: Chattisgarh(Sarguja) and MP(Betul) . A stick dance • Karma Dance: Gonds & Baigas of Chattisgarh, Oraons of Madhya Pradesh • Kaksar Dance: Abhujmaris of Bastar • Pandavani: Chattisgarh • Lota: Pandvani Folk Dances of East India: • Chhau: Bihar • Brita Dance: West Bengal • Kali Dance: West Bengal • Dalkhai: Orissa (Sambalpur). Chaiti Ghora is a dummy horse version of the Dalkhai dance and is popular in fishing communities. • Goti Puas: Orissa. The credit of popularizing this dance goes to Ramchandradev, the Rajaof Khurd (Orissa). Folk Dances of North East India: • Bihu: Assam • Hajgiri: Tripura • Nongkrem: Meghalaya • Dhol-Cholom: Manipur • Sattriya: Assam Folk Dances of North India: • Dumhal: Jammu & Kashmir • Hikat: Himachal Pradesh. • Natio: Group of dances performed during Kullu Dussehra festival. • Namagen: Himachal

Ordinary Bills 1. Articles 107 and 108 deal with ordinary bills. 2. An Ordinary Bill can be introduced in any of the Houses of Parliament. 3. An Ordinary Bill can be introduced without the recommendation of the President 4. A Dead lock may occur. 5. A Joint Session of Houses may be called to resolve the Dead lock. 6. When a Bill is passes in one House, and it is sent to the other House for passing, the other House may keep that Bill for 6 months with it. 7. The House has to oblige the recommendations of the other House. If not, Dead lock arises. ***************** Money Bills 1. Articles 109 and 110 deal with Money Bills. 2. A Money Bill can only be introduced in the Lok Sabha. It can not be introduced in Rajya Sabha. 3. The Money Bill can be introduced with the recommendation of the President.. 4. No dead lock occurs. 5. No Joint Session of House necessary. 6. A Money Bill is passed by Lok Sabha. Thereafter it is sent to Rajya Sabha for recommendations. Rajya Sabha must r

Here is the list of Missiles available in the armory of India. ***************************************************** Air-to-air missiles Astra Anti Ballistic Missiles' Prithvi Air Defence Missile (Exo-atmospheric Anti-ballistic missile) Advanced Air Defense Missile (Endo-atmospheric Anti-ballistic missile) ___________________________________________ Surface-to-surface missiles Short Range Ballistic Missiles Prithvi I Prithvi II Prithvi III Dhanush Agni I Shaurya Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles Agni-II Agni-IIAT Agni-III Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles Agni V Surya(under development/not confirmed) Cruise Missiles Subsonic Cruise Missiles Nirbhay Supersonic Cruise Missiles BrahMos Hypersonic Cruise Missiles BrahMos II Submarine Launched Ballistic Missiles K-15 Sagarika K-XX ____________________________________________ Surface-To-Air Missiles Trishul Akash Maitri Barak2 Guided Missiles Anti-Tank Guided Missiles Nag Anti-tank guided missile Helina Air launched Anti

Sardar Patel Outstanding ICAR Institution Award Choudhary Devi Lal Outstanding All-India Coordinated Research Project Award Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Award Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Award for Tribal Areas Hari Om Ashram Trust Award Jawaharlal Nehru Award Vasantrao Naik Award Lal Bahadur Shastri Young Scientist Award Bharat Ratna Dr. C Subramaniam Outstanding Teacher Award Punjab Rao Deshmukh Woman Agricultural Scientist Award Chaudhary Charan Singh Award for Excellence in Journalism in Agricultural Research and Development N.G. Ranga Farmer Award for Diversified Agriculture Jagjivan Ram Kisan Puruskar Swamy Sahajanand Saraswati Extension Scientist /Worker Award ICAR Award for Outstanding Multidisciplinary Team Research in Agriculture and Allied Sciences National Krishi Vigyan Kendra Award ICAR Dr. Rajendra Prasad Puruskar for Technical Books in Hindi in the Field of Agriculture and Allied Sciences

1. Eligibility: Any person who is above the age of 18 and resides in rural areas is entitled to apply for work. 2. Entitlement: Any applicant is entitled to work within 15 days, for as many as he/she has applied, subject to a limit of 100 days per household per year. 3. Distance: Work is to be provided within a radius of 5 kilometres of the applicant’s residence if possible, and in any case within the Block. If work is provided beyond 5 kilometres, travel allowances have to be paid. 4. Wages: Workers are entitled to the statutory minimum wage applicable to agricultural labourers in the state, unless and until the Central Government “notifies” a different wage rate. If the Central Government notifies, the wage rate is subject to a minimum of Rs. 60 per day. 5. Timely payment: Workers are to be paid weekly, or in any case not later than a fortnight. Payment of wages is to be made directly to the person concerned in the presence of independent persons of the community on -pre-announc